Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected individuals spontaneously secrete elevated levels of IgG, IgM and IgD. This increased level of synthesis and secretion is similar in HIV-infected subjects with no or few symptoms, in ARC patients and in AIDS patients. Thus, abnormal B-cell activation is characteristic of patients with mild as well as severe manifestations of HIV infection. The level of spontaneous cellular secretion of IgG, IgM and IgD correlates with serum levels of these isotypes. Levels of spontaneous cellular secretion of IgG and IgM correlate negatively with the percentage but not with the absolute number of T4-positive cells and correlate positively with the percentage but not with the absolute number of T8-positive cells. The data suggest that the proportional distribution of these T-cell subsets is a critical factor in the B-cell dysregulation leading to overproduction of IgG and IgM. On the other hand, spontaneous IgD secretion correlates with neither the percent nor the absolute number of T4 or T8 cells suggesting that the increase of IgD-secretion by B cells is independent of the T-cell defects. The data imply that more than one mechanism underlies the B-cell activation in HIV-infected individuals.
Full text
PDF






Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ammann A. J., Schiffman G., Abrams D., Volberding P., Ziegler J., Conant M. B-cell immunodeficiency in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. JAMA. 1984 Mar 16;251(11):1447–1449. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Budman D. R., Merchant E. B., Steinberg A. D., Doft B., Gershwin M. E., Lizzio E., Reeves J. P. Increased spontaneous activity of antibody-forming cells in the peripheral blood of patients with active SLE. Arthritis Rheum. 1977 Apr;20(3):829–833. doi: 10.1002/art.1780200312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chess Q., Daniels J., North E., Macris N. T. Serum immunoglobulin elevations in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgD. Diagn Immunol. 1984;2(3):148–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crawford D. H., Weller I., Iliescu V., Wara D. W. Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection in homosexual men in London. Br J Vener Dis. 1984 Aug;60(4):258–264. doi: 10.1136/sti.60.4.258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedman-Kien A. E., Laubenstein L. J., Rubinstein P., Buimovici-Klein E., Marmor M., Stahl R., Spigland I., Kim K. S., Zolla-Pazner S. Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 1):693–700. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-693. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gottlieb M. S., Schroff R., Schanker H. M., Weisman J. D., Fan P. T., Wolf R. A., Saxon A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med. 1981 Dec 10;305(24):1425–1431. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198112103052401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gurney M. E., Apatoff B. R., Spear G. T., Baumel M. J., Antel J. P., Bania M. B., Reder A. T. Neuroleukin: a lymphokine product of lectin-stimulated T cells. Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):574–581. doi: 10.1126/science.3020690. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hutt-Fletcher L. M., Balachandran N., Elkins M. H. B cell activation by cytomegalovirus. J Exp Med. 1983 Dec 1;158(6):2171–2176. doi: 10.1084/jem.158.6.2171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kelly B. S., Levy J. G., Sikora L. The use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of specific antibody from cell cultures. Immunology. 1979 May;37(1):45–52. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- L'age-Stehr J., Teichmann H., Gershon R. K., Cantor H. Stimulation of regulatory T cell circuits by immunoglobulin-dependent structures on activated B cells. Eur J Immunol. 1980 Jan;10(1):21–26. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830100105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lane H. C., Masur H., Edgar L. C., Whalen G., Rook A. H., Fauci A. S. Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1983 Aug 25;309(8):453–458. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198308253090803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Levy J. A., Shimabukuro J., McHugh T., Casavant C., Stites D., Oshiro L. AIDS-associated retroviruses (ARV) can productively infect other cells besides human T helper cells. Virology. 1985 Dec;147(2):441–448. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90146-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Litwin S. D., Tse-Eng D., Butler V. P., Jr, Pernis B. Studies on human low serum IgD phenotype and Gm markers. Clin Genet. 1985 Feb;27(2):134–139. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1985.tb00200.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Montagnier L., Gruest J., Chamaret S., Dauguet C., Axler C., Guétard D., Nugeyre M. T., Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J. C., Brunet J. B. Adaptation of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) to replication in EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):63–66. doi: 10.1126/science.6328661. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pahwa S. G., Quilop M. T., Lange M., Pahwa R. N., Grieco M. H. Defective B-lymphocyte function in homosexual men in relation to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Dec;101(6):757–763. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-757. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pahwa S., Pahwa R., Saxinger C., Gallo R. C., Good R. A. Influence of the human T-lymphotropic virus/lymphadenopathy-associated virus on functions of human lymphocytes: evidence for immunosuppressive effects and polyclonal B-cell activation by banded viral preparations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(23):8198–8202. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8198. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Popovic M., Read-Connole E., Gallo R. C. T4 positive human neoplastic cell lines susceptible to and permissive for HTLV-III. Lancet. 1984 Dec 22;2(8417-8418):1472–1473. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91666-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Quinnan G. V., Jr, Masur H., Rook A. H., Armstrong G., Frederick W. R., Epstein J., Manischewitz J. F., Macher A. M., Jackson L., Ames J. Herpesvirus infections in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. JAMA. 1984 Jul 6;252(1):72–77. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reinherz E. L., Morimoto C., Penta A. C., Schlossman S. F. Regulation of B cell immunoglobulin secretion by functional subsets of T lymphocytes in man. Eur J Immunol. 1980 Jul;10(7):570–572. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830100715. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Romagnani S., Del Prete G. F., Maggi E., Bellesi G., Biti G., Rossi Ferrini P. L., Ricci M. Abnormalities of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Invest. 1983 May;71(5):1375–1382. doi: 10.1172/JCI110890. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schnittman S. M., Lane H. C., Higgins S. E., Folks T., Fauci A. S. Direct polyclonal activation of human B lymphocytes by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus. Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1084–1086. doi: 10.1126/science.3016902. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schüpbach J., Popovic M., Gilden R. V., Gonda M. A., Sarngadharan M. G., Gallo R. C. Serological analysis of a subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) associated with AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):503–505. doi: 10.1126/science.6200937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Seligmann M., Chess L., Fahey J. L., Fauci A. S., Lachmann P. J., L'Age-Stehr J., Ngu J., Pinching A. J., Rosen F. S., Spira T. J. AIDS--an immunologic reevaluation. N Engl J Med. 1984 Nov 15;311(20):1286–1292. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198411153112005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simberkoff M. S., El Sadr W., Schiffman G., Rahal J. J., Jr Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and bacteremia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, with report of a pneumococcal vaccine failure. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Dec;130(6):1174–1176. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1984.130.6.1174. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stahl R. E., Friedman-Kien A., Dubin R., Marmor M., Zolla-Pazner S. Immunologic abnormalities in homosexual men. Relationship to Kaposi's sarcoma. Am J Med. 1982 Aug;73(2):171–178. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(82)90174-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Xue B., Coico R., Wallace D., Siskind G. W., Pernis B., Thorbecke G. J. Physiology of IgD. IV. Enhancement of antibody production in mice bearing IgD-secreting plasmacytomas. J Exp Med. 1984 Jan 1;159(1):103–113. doi: 10.1084/jem.159.1.103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yarchoan R., Redfield R. R., Broder S. Mechanisms of B cell activation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders. Contribution of antibody-producing B cells, of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells, and of immunoglobulin production induced by human T cell lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. J Clin Invest. 1986 Aug;78(2):439–447. doi: 10.1172/JCI112595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ziegler J. L., Beckstead J. A., Volberding P. A., Abrams D. I., Levine A. M., Lukes R. J., Gill P. S., Burkes R. L., Meyer P. R., Metroka C. E. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 90 homosexual men. Relation to generalized lymphadenopathy and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1984 Aug 30;311(9):565–570. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198408303110904. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Furth R., Schuit H. R., Hijmans W. The formation of immunoglobulins by human tissues in vitro. IV. Circulating lymphocytes in normal and pathological conditions. Immunology. 1966 Jul;11(1):29–40. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]