Abstract
Five patients were bitten by the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus) in eastern Thailand or north western Malaya. Two patients were not envenomed but the other three developed generalised paralysis which progressed to respiratory paralysis in two cases, one of which ended fatally. One patient showed parasympathetic abnormalities. Anticholinesterase produced a dramatic improvement in one patient. Another patient probably benefited from paraspecific antivenom. The efficacy of antivenoms and adjuvants such as anticholinesterases in patients with neurotoxic envenoming requires further study.
Full text
PDF![678](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f9f0/1547089/d8fa699d4184/bmjcred00542-0022.png)
![679](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f9f0/1547089/8603f73757b8/bmjcred00542-0023.png)
![680](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f9f0/1547089/af04433e63da/bmjcred00542-0024.png)
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- AHUJA M. L., SINGH G. Snake bite in India. Indian J Med Res. 1954 Oct;42(4):661–686. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banerjee R. N., Sahni A. L., Chacko K. A., Vijay K. Neostigmine in the treatment of Elapidae bites. J Assoc Physicians India. 1972 Jul;20(7):503–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CAMPBELL C. H. VENOMOUS SNAKE BITE IN PAPUA AND ITS TREATMENT WITH TRACHEOTOMY, ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION AND ANTIVENENE. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1964 May;58:263–273. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(64)90040-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hood V. L., Johnson J. R. Acute renal failure with myoglobinuria after tiger snake bite. Med J Aust. 1975 Oct 18;2(16):638–641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REID H. A. Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sea-snake bite. Lancet. 1961 Aug 19;2(7199):399–402. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(61)92483-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ramakrishnan M. R., Sankaran K., Gupta G. D., Chandrasekar S. External ophthalmoplegia in elapidae bites and its response to neostigmine. Neurol India. 1975 Jun;23(2):109–110. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sethi P. K., Rastogi J. K. Neurological aspects of ophitoxemia (Indian krait)- A clinico-electromyographic study. Indian J Med Res. 1981 Feb;73:269–276. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Theakston R. D., Lloyd-Jones M. J., Reid H. A. Micro-ELISA for detecting and assaying snake venom and venom-antibody. Lancet. 1977 Sep 24;2(8039):639–641. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92502-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tilbury C. R. Observations on the bite of the Mozambique spitting cobra (Naja mossambica mossambica). S Afr Med J. 1982 Feb 27;61(9):308–313. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Warrell D. A., Greenwood B. M., Davidson N. M., Ormerod L. D., Prentice C. R. Necrosis, haemorrhage and complement depletion following bites by the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis). Q J Med. 1976 Jan;45(177):1–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]