Skip to main content
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1973 Sep;15(1):35–42.

Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced lymphocyte transformation and toxoplasma gondii antibody studies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence of impaired cell-mediated immunity

R N M Macsween, I Galbraith, Mair A Thomas, G Watkinson, G B Ludlam
PMCID: PMC1553872  PMID: 4765720

Abstract

Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced dose-response lymphocyte transformation has been studied in a group of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. There is a marked reduction in responsiveness, particularly with low doses of PHA. These observations, together with the finding of a raised incidence (7%) of high titre Toxoplasma gondii antibody in primary biliary cirrhosis patients, are adduced as evidence of impaired cell-mediated immunity in this disease.

Full text

PDF
35

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BEATTIE C. P. Toxoplasmosis, a general introduction. Trans Opthal Soc U K. 1958;78:99–108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BOUCHIER I. A., RHODES K., SHERLOCK S. SEROLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE. Br Med J. 1964 Mar 7;1(5383):592–594. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5383.592. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boughton C. R. Toxoplasmosis. Med J Aust. 1970 Aug 29;2(9):418–421. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Doniach D., Del Prete S., Dane D. S., Walsh J. H. Viral hepatitis related antigens in 'autoimmune' hepatic disorders. Can Med Assoc J. 1972 Feb 26;106(Suppl):513–518. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Doniach D., Roitt I. M., Walker J. G., Sherlock S. Tissue antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis, active chronic (lupoid) hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis and other liver diseases and their clinical implications. Clin Exp Immunol. 1966 Jul;1(3):237–262. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dudley F. J., Fox R. A., Sherlock S. Cellular immunity and hepatitis-associated, Australia antigen liver disease. Lancet. 1972 Apr 1;1(7753):723–726. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90234-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feizi T. Immunoglobulins in chronic liver disease. Gut. 1968 Apr;9(2):193–198. doi: 10.1136/gut.9.2.193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fitzgerald M. G. The establishment of a normal human population dose-response curve for lymphocytes cultured with PHA (phytohaemagglutinin). Clin Exp Immunol. 1971 Mar;8(3):421–425. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fleck D. G. Toxoplasmosis. Public Health. 1969 Mar;83(3):131–135. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(69)80103-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Giustino V., Dudley F. J., Sherlock S. Thymus-dependent lymphocyte function in patients with hepatitis-associated antigen. Lancet. 1972 Oct 21;2(7782):850–853. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92212-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goudie R. B., Macsween R. N., Goldberg D. M. Serological and histological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol. 1966 Nov;19(6):527–538. doi: 10.1136/jcp.19.6.527. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Greaves M. F., Roitt I. M., Rose M. E. Effect of bursectomy and thymectomy on the responses of chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin. Nature. 1968 Oct 19;220(5164):293–295. doi: 10.1038/220293a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hobbs J. R. Serum proteins in liver disease. Proc R Soc Med. 1967 Dec;60(12):1250–1254. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Janossy G., Greaves M. F. Lymphocyte activation. I. Response of T and B lymphocytes to phytomitogens. Clin Exp Immunol. 1971 Oct;9(4):483–498. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. KABELITZ H. J. [Abdominal symptoms in postnatally acquired toxoplasmosis]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1959 Jul 31;84:1379–1384. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1114454. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kretschmer R., Say B., Brown D., Rosen F. S. Congenital aplasia of the thymus gland (DiGeorge's syndrome). N Engl J Med. 1968 Dec 12;279(24):1295–1301. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196812122792401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LUDLAM G. B., BEATTIE C. P. PULMONARY TOXOPLASMOSIS? Lancet. 1963 Nov 30;2(7318):1136–1138. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90789-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Laiwah A. A. Lymphocyte transformation by Australia antigen. Lancet. 1971 Aug 28;2(7722):470–471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92633-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. MacSween R. N., Horne C. H., Moffat A. J., Hughes H. M. Serum protein levels in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol. 1972 Sep;25(9):789–792. doi: 10.1136/jcp.25.9.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McKelvey E. M., Fahey J. L. Immunoglobulin changes in disease: quantitation on the basis of heavy polypeptide chains, IgG (gammaG), IgA (gammaA), and IgM (gammaM), and of light polypeptide chains, type K (I) and type L (II). J Clin Invest. 1965 Nov;44(11):1778–1787. doi: 10.1172/JCI105285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. PARONETTO F., SCHAFFNER F., POPPER H. IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL AND SEROLOGIC OBSERVATIONS IN PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. N Engl J Med. 1964 Nov 26;271:1123–1128. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196411262712201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Paronetto F., Schaffner F., Popper H. Antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis. J Lab Clin Med. 1967 Jun;69(6):979–988. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pettigrew N. M., Goudie R. B., Russell R. I., Chaudhuri A. K. Evidence for a role of hepatitis virus B in chronic alcoholic liver disease. Lancet. 1972 Oct 7;2(7780):724–725. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92019-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Phillips B., Roitt I. M. Evidence for transformation of human B lymphocytes by PHA. Nat New Biol. 1973 Feb 21;241(112):254–256. doi: 10.1038/newbio241254a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Purtilo D. T., Hallgren H. M., Yunis E. J. Depressed maternal lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in human pregnancy. Lancet. 1972 Apr 8;1(7754):769–771. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90522-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. RIEGER H. Augentoxoplasmose und Hepatitis epidemica. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1952 Oct 10;77(41):1250–1253. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1117206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. RUBIN E., SCHAFFNER F., POPPER H. PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. CHRONIC NON-SUPPURATIVE DESTRUCTIVE CHOLANGITIS. Am J Pathol. 1965 Mar;46:387–407. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sabin A. B., Feldman H. A. Dyes as Microchemical Indicators of a New Immunity Phenomenon Affecting a Protozoon Parasite (Toxoplasma). Science. 1948 Dec 10;108(2815):660–663. doi: 10.1126/science.108.2815.660. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sama S., Aach R., Benz W., Hacker E., Kaplan M. False-positive Australia-antigen particles in primary biliary cirrhosis. Detection by electron microscopy. Lancet. 1973 Jan 6;1(7793):14–17. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91224-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Scheuer P. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Proc R Soc Med. 1967 Dec;60(12):1257–1260. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Sherlock S., Fox R. A., James D. G., Scheuer P. J., Sharma O. Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet. 1969 May 10;1(7602):959–962. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)91860-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Smith M. G., Golding P. L., Eddleston A. L., Mitchell C. G., Kemp A., Williams R. Cell-mediated immune responses in chronic liver diseases. Br Med J. 1972 Feb 26;1(5799):527–530. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5799.527. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Vischer T. L., Bernheim C., Engelbrecht E. Two cases of hepatitis due to Toxoplasma gondii. Lancet. 1967 Oct 28;2(7522):919–921. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(67)90235-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. WALKER J. G., DONIACH D., ROITT I. M., SHERLOCK S. SEROLOGICAL TESTS IN DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS. Lancet. 1965 Apr 17;1(7390):827–831. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91372-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES