Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1993 May;92(2):194–199. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03379.x

Serum and salivary responses to oral tetravalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine in newborns.

M G Friedman 1, B Segal 1, R Zedaka 1, B Sarov 1, M Margalith 1, R Bishop 1, R Dagan 1
PMCID: PMC1554811  PMID: 8387410

Abstract

Serum and salivary responses of 95 infants to either a standard (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (PFU), 47 neonates) or a high dose (4 x 10(5) PFU, 48 neonates) of tetravalent reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccine (administered at 2 days and at 6 weeks of age) were evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial. Serum and salivary IgA antibodies to the rotavirus group A common antigen were determined by ELISA and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum neutralizing antibodies to rhesus rotavirus were determined by fluorescent focus reduction assay. No significant differences in responses to the high versus standard dose were noted in serum or saliva. Response was influenced by cord blood antibodies. All infants who were cord blood-negative for rhesus rotavirus neutralizing antibodies (nine who received the standard dose and 20 who received the higher dose) had serum responses, compared with 42-70% of those who were cord blood-positive. The serum response rate recorded for babies with cord blood neutralizing titres > 1000 was 44%. Infants being bottle fed had a higher serum response rate than did babies being breast fed exclusively. If serum and salivary responses were combined, the response rate reached 80% for bottle fed infants. Thus, determination of serum responses alone underestimates vaccine 'take' in infants, and more so in highly endemic areas than in areas subject only to sporadic outbreaks. However, determination of salivary responses in newborn breastfed infants may be inaccurate, due to possible persistence of antibodies derived from colostrum or breast milk.

Full text

PDF
194

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aiyar J., Bhan M. K., Bhandari N., Kumar R., Raj P., Sazawal S. Rotavirus-specific antibody response in saliva of infants with rotavirus diarrhea. J Infect Dis. 1990 Dec;162(6):1383–1384. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.6.1383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Coulson B. S., Fowler K. J., Bishop R. F., Cotton R. G. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to human rotavirus and indications of antigenic drift among strains from neonates. J Virol. 1985 Apr;54(1):14–20. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.1.14-20.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dagan R., Kassis I., Sarov B., Midthun K., Davidson B. L., Vesikari T., Sarov I. Safety and immunogenicity of oral tetravalent human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine in neonates. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992 Dec;11(12):991–996. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199211120-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Friedman M. G., Kimmel N. Herpes simplex virus-specific serum immunoglobulin a: detection in patients with primary or recurrent herpes infections and in healthy adults. Infect Immun. 1982 Jul;37(1):374–377. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.1.374-377.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Friedman M. G., Phillip M., Dagan R. Virus-specific IgA in serum, saliva, and tears of children with measles. Clin Exp Immunol. 1989 Jan;75(1):58–63. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Friedman M. G. Radioimmunoassay for the detection of virus-specific IgA antibodies in saliva. J Immunol Methods. 1982 Oct 29;54(2):203–211. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(82)90061-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Friedman M., Hadari I., Goldstein V., Sarov I. Virus-specific secretory IgA antibodies as a means of rapid diagnosis of measles and mumps infection. Isr J Med Sci. 1983 Oct;19(10):881–884. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Grimwood K., Lund J. C., Coulson B. S., Hudson I. L., Bishop R. F., Barnes G. L. Comparison of serum and mucosal antibody responses following severe acute rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Apr;26(4):732–738. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.4.732-738.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. HUNTER W. M., GREENWOOD F. C. Preparation of iodine-131 labelled human growth hormone of high specific activity. Nature. 1962 May 5;194:495–496. doi: 10.1038/194495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hanson L. A., Carlsson B., Ekre H. P., Hahn-Zoric M., Osterhaus A. D., Roberton D. Immunoregulation mother-fetus/newborn, a role for anti-idiotypic antibodies. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1989;351:38–41. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1989.tb11207.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ho M. S., Glass R. I., Pinsky P. F., Anderson L. J. Rotavirus as a cause of diarrheal morbidity and mortality in the United States. J Infect Dis. 1988 Nov;158(5):1112–1116. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.5.1112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jayashree S., Bhan M. K., Kumar R., Raj P., Glass R., Bhandari N. Serum and salivary antibodies as indicators of rotavirus infection in neonates. J Infect Dis. 1988 Nov;158(5):1117–1120. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.5.1117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jertborn M., Svennerholm A. M., Holmgren J. Saliva, breast milk, and serum antibody responses as indirect measures of intestinal immunity after oral cholera vaccination or natural disease. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Aug;24(2):203–209. doi: 10.1128/jcm.24.2.203-209.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Losonsky G. A., Reymann M. The immune response in primary asymptomatic and symptomatic rotavirus infection in newborn infants. J Infect Dis. 1990 Feb;161(2):330–332. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.2.330. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mellander L., Carlsson B., Hanson L. A. Secretory IgA and IgM antibodies to E. coli O and poliovirus type I antigens occur in amniotic fluid, meconium and saliva from newborns. A neonatal immune response without antigenic exposure: a result of anti-idiotypic induction? Clin Exp Immunol. 1986 Mar;63(3):555–561. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pabst H. F., Spady D. W. Effect of breast-feeding on antibody response to conjugate vaccine. Lancet. 1990 Aug 4;336(8710):269–270. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91802-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Perez-Schael I., Blanco M., Vilar M., Garcia D., White L., Gonzalez R., Kapikian A. Z., Flores J. Clinical studies of a quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine in Venezuelan infants. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Mar;28(3):553–558. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.553-558.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Pichichero M. E. Effect of breast-feeding on oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine seroconversion: a metaanalysis. J Infect Dis. 1990 Sep;162(3):753–755. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.3.753. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Yolken R. H., Wyatt R. G., Kim H. W., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M. Immunological response to infection with human reovirus-like agent: measurement of anti-human reovirus-like agent immunoglobulin G and M levels by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infect Immun. 1978 Feb;19(2):540–546. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.2.540-546.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES