The inhibitory effect of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol on HERG potassium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Abstract

1. The antipsychotic drug haloperidol can induce a marked QT prolongation and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. In this study, we expressed several cloned cardiac K⁺ channels, including the human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) channels, in Xenopus oocytes and tested them for their haloperidol sensitivity.

2. Haloperidol had only little effects on the delayed rectifier channels Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.5 and I_sK, the A-type channel Kv1.4 and the inward rectifier channel Kir2.1 (inhibition <6% at 3 μM haloperidol).

3. In contrast, haloperidol blocked HERG channels potently with an IC₅₀ value of approximately 1 μM. Reduced haloperidol, the primary metabolite of haloperidol, produced a block with an IC₅₀ value of 2.6 μM.

4. Haloperidol block was use- and voltage-dependent, suggesting that it binds preferentially to either open or inactivated HERG channels. As haloperidol increased the degree and rate of HERG inactivation, binding to inactivated HERG channels is suggested.

5. The channel mutant HERG S631A has been shown to exhibit greatly reduced C-type inactivation which occurs only at potentials greater than 0 mV. Haloperidol block of HERG S631A at 0 mV was four fold weaker than for HERG wild-type channels. Haloperidol affinity for HERG S631A was increased four fold at +40 mV compared to 0 mV.

6. In summary, the data suggest that HERG channel blockade is involved in the arrhythmogenic side effects of haloperidol. The mechanism of haloperidol block involves binding to inactivated HERG channels.

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