Spatial heterogeneity of the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the microvasculature of ligaments in the rabbit knee joint

Abstract

1. Experiments were performed in anaesthetized rabbits to examine the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the CGRP antagonist CGRP_8–37 on blood flow to the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint.

2. Topical application of CGRP (10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁹  mol) to the exposed external surface of eight knee joints resulted in dose-dependent dilatation of vessels in both the ligament and the joint capsule. The magnitude of this response varied significantly in different regions of the medial collateral ligament, with the 10⁻⁹  mol dose of CGRP giving the maximum response (101.5±25.3% increase) at the femoral insertion site of the medial collateral ligament and lowest (23.1±8.8%) at the tibial insertion site.

3. Topical application of CGRP_8–37 (0.1, 1 and 10  nmol) produced dose-dependent constriction of vessels in the ligament and the joint capsule in five knees, with a trend towards the greatest effect occurring at the femoral insertion site (45.8±8.1% reduction in blood flow). With the 10  nmol dose, the vasoconstrictor response at the femoral insertion site differed significantly (P<0.05) from the responses obtained at the tibial insertion and joint capsule sites.

4. Topical application of CGRP_8–37 (0.1, 1 and 10  nmol) to four chronically denervated knees produced substantially smaller vasoconstrictor responses at all sites. At the femoral insertion site, where 10  nmol CGRP_8–37 normally produces a 45.8±8.1% reduction in blood flow (n=8), ten days following denervation this response was reduced to 6.5±6.1%, this difference being significant (P=0.01).

5. Adrenaline was applied topically to augment blood vessel tone, in order to establish how effectively co-administration of CGRP would offset this increase in tone. Adrenaline (10⁻¹⁰  mol) produced vasoconstriction at all sites (n=6). In the capsule this vasoconstriction was virtually abolished when CGRP (10⁻⁹  mol) was co-administered with adrenaline but in the ligament vasodilatation occurred at all sites. This vasodilatation was significantly greater at the femoral insertion site compared to the tibial insertion and mid ligament sites (P<0.05 for both) and the capsule (P<0.01).

6. Topical application of substance P (10⁻¹⁰ or 10⁻⁹  mol) failed to elicit dilatation of ligament blood vessels.

7. These results suggest that endogenous CGRP may play an important role in regulating blood flow to different structures in and around the knee joint.

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