Abstract
The levels of two aromatic amine mutagens, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-am ino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-1) and 2-[2-(acetylamino-4-[N-(2-cyanoethyl)ethylamino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-a mino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-2), were quantitatively analyzed in the Yodo River system in Japan. The river water samples were collected at nine sampling sites from the Yodo River system twice or three times between May and July in 1997. PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the river water samples were concentrated on blue rayon columns, partially purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reverse-phase columns, then quantified by HPLC with an electrochemical detector. The amounts of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the water samples were < 0.01-1.91 and < 0.01-2.25 ng/L, respectively. High levels of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 were detected in the samples collected within 4 km downstream of two sewage plants, which are located along the banks of the Nishitakase River, a tributary of the Yodo River system, and these samples showed stronger mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 with S9 mix than the other water samples. On the other hand, the river water samples from upstream of the sewage plant were weakly or not mutagenic and PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 were not detected. These results confirmed that a major source of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the Yodo River system is effluent from the sewage plants and that discharged mutagens, including PBTA-1 and PBTA-2, are diluted and/or decomposed while moving down the Yodo River system.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Claxton L. D., Houk V. S., Hughes T. J. Genotoxicity of industrial wastes and effluents. Mutat Res. 1998 Jun;410(3):237–243. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5742(98)00008-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Houk V. S. The genotoxicity of industrial wastes and effluents. Mutat Res. 1992 Aug;277(2):91–138. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(92)90001-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kusamran W. R., Wakabayashi K., Oguri A., Tepsuwan A., Nagao M., Sugimura T. Mutagenicities of Bangkok and Tokyo river waters. Mutat Res. 1994 Nov;325(2-3):99–104. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(94)90008-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maruoka S., Yamanaka S. Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains of XAD-2-ether extract, recovered from Katsura River water in Kyoto City, and its fractions. Mutat Res. 1982 Jul-Aug;102(1):13–26. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(82)90142-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nukaya H., Yamashita J., Tsuji K., Terao Y., Ohe T., Sawanishi H., Katsuhara T., Kiyokawa K., Tezuka M., Oguri A. Isolation and chemical-structural determination of a novel aromatic amine mutagen in water from the Nishitakase River in Kyoto. Chem Res Toxicol. 1997 Oct;10(10):1061–1066. doi: 10.1021/tx9700883. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oguri A., Shiozawa T., Terao Y., Nukaya H., Yamashita J., Ohe T., Sawanishi H., Katsuhara T., Sugimura T., Wakabayashi K. Identification of a 2-phenylbenzotriazole (PBTA)-type mutagen, PBTA-2, in water from the Nishitakase River in Kyoto. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Oct;11(10):1195–1200. doi: 10.1021/tx980133m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sakamoto H., Hayatsu H. A simple method for monitoring mutagenicity of river water. Mutagens in Yodo river system, Kyoto-Osaka. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1990 Apr;44(4):521–528. doi: 10.1007/BF01700870. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sayato Y., Nakamuro K., Ueno H., Goto R. Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mutagenic adsorbates to a copper-phthalocyanine derivative recovered from municipal river water. Mutat Res. 1993 Aug;300(3-4):207–213. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(93)90052-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shiozawa T., Muraoka K., Nukaya H., Ohe T., Sawanishi H., Oguri A., Wakabayashi K., Sugimura T., Terao Y. Chemical synthesis of a novel aromatic amine mutagen isolated from water of the Nishitakase River in Kyoto and a possible route of its formation. Chem Res Toxicol. 1998 Apr;11(4):375–380. doi: 10.1021/tx970222j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- White P. A., Rasmussen J. B. The genotoxic hazards of domestic wastes in surface waters. Mutat Res. 1998 Jun;410(3):223–236. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5742(98)00002-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yahagi T., Nagao M., Seino Y., Matsushima T., Sugimura T. Mutagenicities of N-nitrosamines on Salmonella. Mutat Res. 1977 Apr;48(2):121–129. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(77)90151-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]