Abstract
A method has been developed to measure levels of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) excreted in urine and feces. The method involves organic solvent extraction, derivatization to form electron-capturing bis-pentafluorobenzyl derivatives, and analysis by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a deuterium-labeled internal standard. The method can detect PhIP at levels of less than 1 ng/g in rat urine (5 ng/24 hr) and 5 ng/g (wet weight) in rat feces (50 ng/24 hr). Sprague-Dawley rats given a single 50 micrograms dose of PhIP by gavage excreted an average of 0.6% of the dose in the urine and 25% of the dose in the feces as unchanged PhIP, in the first 4 days after treatment. To make this method applicable for the analyses of biological fluids of PhIP-exposed human subjects, it is now being improved by using immunoaffinity chromatography.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Esumi H., Ohgaki H., Kohzen E., Takayama S., Sugimura T. Induction of lymphoma in CDF1 mice by the food mutagen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1989 Dec;80(12):1176–1178. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb01651.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Felton J. S., Knize M. G., Shen N. H., Lewis P. R., Andresen B. D., Happe J., Hatch F. T. The isolation and identification of a new mutagen from fried ground beef: 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Carcinogenesis. 1986 Jul;7(7):1081–1086. doi: 10.1093/carcin/7.7.1081. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ito N., Hasegawa R., Sano M., Tamano S., Esumi H., Takayama S., Sugimura T. A new colon and mammary carcinogen in cooked food, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Carcinogenesis. 1991 Aug;12(8):1503–1506. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.8.1503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray S., Gooderham N. J., Boobis A. R., Davies D. S. Detection and measurement of MeIQx in human urine after ingestion of a cooked meat meal. Carcinogenesis. 1989 Apr;10(4):763–765. doi: 10.1093/carcin/10.4.763. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watkins B. E., Esumi H., Wakabayashi K., Nagao M., Sugimura T. Fate and distribution of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats. Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jun;12(6):1073–1078. doi: 10.1093/carcin/12.6.1073. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]