Abstract
A two-day technical workshop was convened November 10-11, 1986, to discuss analytical approaches for determining trace amounts of cotinine in human body fluids resulting from passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The workshop, jointly sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control, was attended by scientists with expertise in cotinine analytical methodology and/or conduct of human monitoring studies related to ETS. The workshop format included technical presentations, separate panel discussions on chromatography and immunoassay analytical approaches, and group discussions related to the quality assurance/quality control aspects of future monitoring programs. This report presents a consensus of opinion on general issues before the workshop panel participants and also a detailed comparison of several analytical approaches being used by the various represented laboratories. The salient features of the chromatography and immunoassay analytical methods are discussed separately.
Full text
PDF









Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Akiba S., Kato H., Blot W. J. Passive smoking and lung cancer among Japanese women. Cancer Res. 1986 Sep;46(9):4804–4807. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benowitz N. L., Kuyt F., Jacob P., 3rd, Jones R. T., Osman A. L. Cotinine disposition and effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Nov;34(5):604–611. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1983.222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Biber A., Scherer G., Hoepfner I., Adlkofer F., Heller W. D., Haddow J. E., Knight G. J. Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum and urine: an interlaboratory study. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):45–52. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(87)90084-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bjercke R. J., Cook G., Langone J. J. Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to cotinine in nonisotopic and isotopic immunoassays. J Immunol Methods. 1987 Feb 11;96(2):239–246. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90320-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bjercke R. J., Cook G., Rychlik N., Gjika H. B., Van Vunakis H., Langone J. J. Stereospecific monoclonal antibodies to nicotine and cotinine and their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Immunol Methods. 1986 Jun 24;90(2):203–213. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(86)90077-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dalager N. A., Pickle L. W., Mason T. J., Correa P., Fontham E., Stemhagen A., Buffler P. A., Ziegler R. G., Fraumeni J. F., Jr The relation of passive smoking to lung cancer. Cancer Res. 1986 Sep;46(9):4808–4811. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feyerabend C., Bryant A. E., Jarvis M. J., Russell M. A. Determination of cotinine in biological fluids of non-smokers by packed column gas-liquid chromatography. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;38(12):917–919. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb03383.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garfinkel L. Time trends in lung cancer mortality among nonsmokers and a note on passive smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1061–1066. doi: 10.1093/jnci/66.6.1061. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg R. A., Haley N. J., Etzel R. A., Loda F. A. Measuring the exposure of infants to tobacco smoke. Nicotine and cotinine in urine and saliva. N Engl J Med. 1984 Apr 26;310(17):1075–1078. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198404263101703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haley N. J., Axelrad C. M., Tilton K. A. Validation of self-reported smoking behavior: biochemical analyses of cotinine and thiocyanate. Am J Public Health. 1983 Oct;73(10):1204–1207. doi: 10.2105/ajph.73.10.1204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirayama T. Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer: a study from Japan. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Jan 17;282(6259):183–185. doi: 10.1136/bmj.282.6259.183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoffmann D., Brunnemann K. D. Endogenous formation of N-nitrosoproline in cigarette smokers. Cancer Res. 1983 Nov;43(11):5570–5574. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoffmann D., Haley N. J., Adams J. D., Brunnemann K. D. Tobacco sidestream smoke: uptake by nonsmokers. Prev Med. 1984 Nov;13(6):608–617. doi: 10.1016/s0091-7435(84)80011-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horstmann M. Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for rapid determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine. J Chromatogr. 1985 Nov 8;344:391–396. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82046-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Humble C. G., Samet J. M., Pathak D. R. Marriage to a smoker and lung cancer risk. Am J Public Health. 1987 May;77(5):598–602. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.5.598. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacob P., 3rd, Wilson M., Benowitz N. L. Improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biologic fluids. J Chromatogr. 1981 Jan 2;222(1):61–70. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81033-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jarvis M. J., Russell M. A., Feyerabend C. Absorption of nicotine and carbon monoxide from passive smoking under natural conditions of exposure. Thorax. 1983 Nov;38(11):829–833. doi: 10.1136/thx.38.11.829. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jarvis M. J., Russell M. A., Feyerabend C., Eiser J. R., Morgan M., Gammage P., Gray E. M. Passive exposure to tobacco smoke: saliva cotinine concentrations in a representative population sample of non-smoking schoolchildren. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985 Oct 5;291(6500):927–929. doi: 10.1136/bmj.291.6500.927. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jarvis M., Tunstall-Pedoe H., Feyerabend C., Vesey C., Salloojee Y. Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1984 Dec;38(4):335–339. doi: 10.1136/jech.38.4.335. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jones S. R., Amatayakul S. Improved 125I radioimmunoassay for cotinine. Clin Chem. 1985 Jun;31(6):1076–1077. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knight G. J., Wylie P., Holman M. S., Haddow J. E. Improved 125I radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge antibodies. Clin Chem. 1985 Jan;31(1):118–121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Langone J. J., Gjika H. B., Van Vunakis H. Nicotine and its metabolites. Radioimmunoassays for nicotine and cotinine. Biochemistry. 1973 Nov 20;12(24):5025–5030. doi: 10.1021/bi00748a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Langone J. J., Van Vunakis H. Radioimmunoassay of nicotine, cotinine, and gamma-(3-pyridyl)-gamma-oxo-N-methylbutyramide. Methods Enzymol. 1982;84:628–640. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(82)84050-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Machacek D. A., Jiang N. S. Quantification of cotinine in plasma and saliva by liquid chromatography. Clin Chem. 1986 Jun;32(6):979–982. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Matsukura S., Sakamoto N., Seino Y., Tamada T., Matsuyama H., Muranaka H. Cotinine excretion and daily cigarette smoking in habituated smokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1979 May;25(5 Pt 1):555–561. doi: 10.1002/cpt1979255part1555. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Neurath G. B., Pein F. G. Gas chromatographic determination of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine in smokers. J Chromatogr. 1987 Apr 10;415(2):400–406. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83234-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pattishall E. N., Strope G. L., Etzel R. A., Helms R. W., Haley N. J., Denny F. W. Serum cotinine as a measure of tobacco smoke exposure in children. Am J Dis Child. 1985 Nov;139(11):1101–1104. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140130039026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell M. A. Estimation of smoke dosage and mortality of non-smokers from environmental tobacco smoke. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jan;35(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(87)90080-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sepkovic D. W., Haley N. J. Biomedical applications of cotinine quantitation in smoking related research. Am J Public Health. 1985 Jun;75(6):663–665. doi: 10.2105/ajph.75.6.663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Verebey K. G., DePace A., Mulé S. J., Kanzler M., Jaffe J. H. A rapid, quantitative GLC method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine. J Anal Toxicol. 1982 Nov-Dec;6(6):294–296. doi: 10.1093/jat/6.6.294. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wald N. J., Boreham J., Bailey A., Ritchie C., Haddow J. E., Knight G. Urinary cotinine as marker of breathing other people's tobacco smoke. Lancet. 1984 Jan 28;1(8370):230–231. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92156-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]