Abstract
A cryogradient system for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles is described. The sampling involves particle trapping on a filter followed by gas phase enrichment in three separate condensers. The filter is extracted with dichloromethane (DCM). For the extraction of the condensers three different solvents have been used; cyclohexane, acetone and DCM. The latter has also been used together with three buffers, pH 3, pH 7 and pH 11. Analyses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were performed by means of glass capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. These analyses of diluted gasoline exhausts show that of the phenanthrene/anthracene, fluoranthene/pyrene and their monoalkylated forms found, between 90 and 30% are present in the gas phase. For diesel emissions, corresponding values are between 50% and 5%, respectively. However, the distribution of PAH between gas phase and particles is dependent on dilution ratio and filter temperatures. The addition of NO2 (approximately 7 ppm) prior to filter sampling involves degradation of cyclopenteno(cd)pyrene (CPedP) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) on the particles from diluted gasoline exhausts. This also occurs with BaP on diesel particles sampled under equivalent conditions. Mutagenicity data from these experiments support the theory of formation of direct-acting mutagens, probably due to nitration. Parallel sampling of particles with Teflon-coated and glass fiber filters does not show that components which are reactive to NO2, e.g., CPcdP, are degraded to a lower extent when glass fiber filters are used.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BEGEMAN C. R., COLUCCI J. M. Apparatus for determining the contribution of the automobile to the benzene-soluble organic matter in air. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1962 Aug;9:17–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bradow R. L. Diesel particle emissions. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1980 Nov-Dec;56(9):797–811. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHIPMAN J. C., MASSEY M. T. Proportional sampling system for the collection of an integrated auto exhaust gas sample. J Air Pollut Control Assoc. 1960 Feb;10:60–69. doi: 10.1080/00022470.1960.10467902. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pitts J. N., Jr, Van Cauwenberghe K. A., Grosjean D., Schmid J. P., Fitz D. R., Belser W. L., Knudson G. P., Hynds P. M. Atmospheric reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: facile formation of mutagenic nitro derivatives. Science. 1978 Nov 3;202(4367):515–519. doi: 10.1126/science.705341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Salmeen I., Durisin A. M., Prater T. J., Riley T., Schuetzle D. Contribution of 1-nitropyrene to direct-acting Ames assay mutagenicities of diesel particulate extracts. Mutat Res. 1982 Apr;104(1-3):17–23. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(82)90114-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stenberg U., Alsberg T., Westerholm R. Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts. Environ Health Perspect. 1983 Jan;47:53–63. doi: 10.1289/ehp.834753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]