Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1995 Oct;109(2):627–636. doi: 10.1104/pp.109.2.627

Identification and characterization of cDNAs encoding ethylene biosynthetic enzymes from Pelargonium x hortorum cv Snow Mass leaves.

T W Wang 1, R N Arteca 1
PMCID: PMC157629  PMID: 7480351

Abstract

Two Pelargonium 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase cDNAs (GAC-1 and GAC-2) were identified and characterized. GAC-1 is 1934 bp long with a 1446-bp open reading frame encoding a 54.1-kD polypeptide. GAC-2 is a 1170-bp-long ACC synthase polymerase chain reaction fragment encoding 390 amino acids. Expression of GAC-1 and GAC-2 together with a previously identified ACC oxidase (GEFE-1) was examined in different Pelargonium plant parts, and leaves were subjected to osmotic stress (sorbitol), metal ion stress (CuCl2), auxin (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]), and ethylene. GAC-1 expression was not detectable in any of the plant parts tested, whereas high levels of GAC-2 were expressed in the leaf bud, young leaf, young floret, fully open floret, and senescing floret. GAC-2 was expressed to a lesser degree in fully expanded leaves or roots and was undetectable in old leaves and floret buds. GEFE-1 was detectable at all leaf ages tested, in young and fully open florets, and in the roots; however, the highest degree of expression was in the senescing florets. GAC-1 was induced by sorbitol. Both GAC-1 and GAC-2 were only slightly affected by CuCl2 and induced indirectly by 2,4-D. GEFE-1 was highly induced by sorbitol, CuCl2, and 2,4-D. GAC-1, GAC-2, and GEFE-1 were unaffected by ethylene treatment. These results suggest that GAC-1 is only induced by stress and that GAC-2 may be developmentally regulated, whereas GEFE-1 is influenced by both stress and development.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.6 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bailey B. A., Avni A., Li N., Mattoo A. K., Anderson J. D. Nucleotide Sequence of the Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi Gene Encoding 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase. Plant Physiol. 1992 Nov;100(3):1615–1616. doi: 10.1104/pp.100.3.1615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Botella J. R., Arteca J. M., Schlagnhaufer C. D., Arteca R. N., Phillips A. T. Identification and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding for an auxin-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments and expression of its mRNA in response to indole-3-acetic acid. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Nov;20(3):425–436. doi: 10.1007/BF00040602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Botella J. R., Schlagnhaufer C. D., Arteca J. M., Arteca R. N., Phillips A. T. Identification of two new members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase-encoding multigene family in mung bean. Gene. 1993 Jan 30;123(2):249–253. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90132-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Botella J. R., Schlagnhaufer C. D., Arteca R. N., Phillips A. T. Identification and characterization of three putative genes for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Feb;18(4):793–797. doi: 10.1007/BF00020022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Destéfano-Beltrán L. J., van Caeneghem W., Gielen J., Richard L., van Montagu M., van der Straeten D. Characterization of three members of the ACC synthase gene family in Solanum tuberosum L. Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Feb 20;246(4):496–508. doi: 10.1007/BF00290453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dong J. G., Olson D., Silverstone A., Yang S. F. Sequence of a cDNA coding for a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homolog from apple fruit. Plant Physiol. 1992 Apr;98(4):1530–1531. doi: 10.1104/pp.98.4.1530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hoffman N. E., Yang S. F., McKeon T. Identification of 1-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid as a major conjugate of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, an ethylene precursor in higher plants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1982 Jan 29;104(2):765–770. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(82)90703-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Huang P. L., Parks J. E., Rottmann W. H., Theologis A. Two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) are clustered and similar but differentially regulated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Aug 15;88(16):7021–7025. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.16.7021. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. John M. E. An efficient method for isolation of RNA and DNA from plants containing polyphenolics. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 May 11;20(9):2381–2381. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.9.2381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Köck M., Hamilton A., Grierson D. eth1, a gene involved in ethylene synthesis in tomato. Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Jul;17(1):141–142. doi: 10.1007/BF00036816. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Liang X., Abel S., Keller J. A., Shen N. F., Theologis A. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):11046–11050. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.22.11046. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. MacDiarmid C. W., Gardner R. C. A cDNA sequence from kiwifruit homologous to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Plant Physiol. 1993 Feb;101(2):691–692. doi: 10.1104/pp.101.2.691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McGarvey D. J., Yu H., Christoffersen R. E. Nucleotide sequence of a ripening-related cDNA from avocado fruit. Plant Mol Biol. 1990 Jul;15(1):165–167. doi: 10.1007/BF00017736. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nadeau J. A., O'Neill S. D. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from senescing orchid petals. Plant Physiol. 1995 Jun;108(2):833–834. doi: 10.1104/pp.108.2.833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nadeau J. A., Zhang X. S., Nair H., O'Neill S. D. Temporal and spatial regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase in the pollination-induced senescence of orchid flowers. Plant Physiol. 1993 Sep;103(1):31–39. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.1.31. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. O'Neill S. D., Nadeau J. A., Zhang X. S., Bui A. Q., Halevy A. H. Interorgan regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes by pollination. Plant Cell. 1993 Apr;5(4):419–432. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.4.419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Park K. Y., Drory A., Woodson W. R. Molecular cloning of an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from senescing carnation flower petals. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Jan;18(2):377–386. doi: 10.1007/BF00034964. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Peck S. C., Olson D. C., Kende H. A cDNA sequence encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from pea. Plant Physiol. 1993 Feb;101(2):689–690. doi: 10.1104/pp.101.2.689. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pogson B. J., Downs C. G., Davies K. M. Differential expression of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes in broccoli after harvest. Plant Physiol. 1995 Jun;108(2):651–657. doi: 10.1104/pp.108.2.651. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pua E. C., Sim G. E., Chye M. L. Isolation and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone encoding ethylene-forming enzyme in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Jun;19(3):541–544. doi: 10.1007/BF00023409. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rottmann W. H., Peter G. F., Oeller P. W., Keller J. A., Shen N. F., Nagy B. P., Taylor L. P., Campbell A. D., Theologis A. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato is encoded by a multigene family whose transcription is induced during fruit and floral senescence. J Mol Biol. 1991 Dec 20;222(4):937–961. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90587-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sato T., Theologis A. Cloning the mRNA encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, the key enzyme for ethylene biosynthesis in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6621–6625. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.17.6621. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schlagnhaufer C. D., Glick R. E., Arteca R. N., Pell E. J. Molecular cloning of an ozone-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase cDNA and its relationship with a loss of rbcS in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants. Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Apr;28(1):93–103. doi: 10.1007/BF00042041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Tang X., Wang H., Brandt A. S., Woodson W. R. Organization and structure of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene family from Petunia hybrida. Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Dec;23(6):1151–1164. doi: 10.1007/BF00042349. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tsai D. S., Arteca R. N., Bachman J. M., Phillips A. T. Purification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase from etiolated mung bean hypocotyls. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Aug 1;264(2):632–640. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90329-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Van der Straeten D., Rodrigues-Pousada R. A., Villarroel R., Hanley S., Goodman H. M., Van Montagu M. Cloning, genetic mapping, and expression analysis of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene that encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9969–9973. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Van der Straeten D., Van Wiemeersch L., Goodman H. M., Van Montagu M. Cloning and sequence of two different cDNAs encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(12):4859–4863. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wang H., Woodson W. R. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the ethylene-forming enzyme from petunia corollas. Plant Physiol. 1992 Sep;100(1):535–536. doi: 10.1104/pp.100.1.535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wang T. W., Arteca J. M., Arteca R. N. A 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase cDNA sequence from Pelargonium. Plant Physiol. 1994 Oct;106(2):797–798. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.2.797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wen C. M., Wu M., Goh C. J., Pua E. C. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in mustard (Brassica juncea [L.] Czern & Coss). Plant Physiol. 1993 Nov;103(3):1019–1020. doi: 10.1104/pp.103.3.1019. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Zarembinski T. I., Theologis A. Anaerobiosis and plant growth hormones induce two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Apr;4(4):363–373. doi: 10.1091/mbc.4.4.363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES