Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1997 Feb;113(2):425–430. doi: 10.1104/pp.113.2.425

Changes in the activity and mRNA of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase during tracheary element differentiation in zinnia.

Y Sato 1, T Watanabe 1, A Komamine 1, T Hibino 1, D Shibata 1, M Sugiyama 1, H Fukuda 1
PMCID: PMC158157  PMID: 9046592

Abstract

Changes in the enzymatic activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and in the expression of a gene for CAD during tracheary element (TE) differentiation were investigated in cultures of single cells isolated from the mesophyll of zinnia (Zinnia elegans). In cultures in which TE differentiation was induced (TE-inductive cultures), CAD activity increased from h 36 after the start of culture (12 h before the start of thickening of the secondary cell wall) and peaked at h 72, when lignin was actively being deposited. In control cultures in which TE differentiation was not induced, CAD activity remained at a very low level for 5 d. Some isoforms of CAD were detected only in the TE-inductive cultures by native gel electrophoresis and subsequent staining for CAD activity. A cDNA clone for CAD, ZCAD1, was isolated from Z. elegans using a cDNA clone for CAD from Aralia cordata as the probe. RNA gel-blot analysis revealed that in the TE-inductive cultures the level of ZCAD1 mRNA increased from h 36 and peaked at h 48 to 60. No such increases were observed in control cultures. These results indicated that both the gene expression and the activity of CAD are strictly regulated, in association with lignification, during TE differentiation in Z. elegans.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.6 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Demura T., Fukuda H. Novel vascular cell-specific genes whose expression is regulated temporally and spatially during vascular system development. Plant Cell. 1994 Jul;6(7):967–981. doi: 10.1105/tpc.6.7.967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Feuillet C., Lauvergeat V., Deswarte C., Pilate G., Boudet A., Grima-Pettenati J. Tissue- and cell-specific expression of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase promoter in transgenic poplar plants. Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Feb;27(4):651–667. doi: 10.1007/BF00020220. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Fukuda H., Komamine A. Establishment of an Experimental System for the Study of Tracheary Element Differentiation from Single Cells Isolated from the Mesophyll of Zinnia elegans. Plant Physiol. 1980 Jan;65(1):57–60. doi: 10.1104/pp.65.1.57. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Grima-Pettenati J., Feuillet C., Goffner D., Borderies G., Boudet A. M. Molecular cloning and expression of a Eucalyptus gunnii cDNA clone encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Plant Mol Biol. 1993 Mar;21(6):1085–1095. doi: 10.1007/BF00023605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Halpin C., Knight M. E., Grima-Pettenati J., Goffner D., Boudet A., Schuch W. Purification and characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tobacco stems. Plant Physiol. 1992 Jan;98(1):12–16. doi: 10.1104/pp.98.1.12. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hawkins S. W., Boudet A. M. Purification and Characterization of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoforms from the Periderm of Eucalyptus gunnii Hook. Plant Physiol. 1994 Jan;104(1):75–84. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.1.75. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hibino T., Shibata D., Umezawa T., Higuchi T. Purification and partial sequences of Aralia cordata cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Phytochemistry. 1993 Feb;32(3):565–567. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)95137-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Knight M. E., Halpin C., Schuch W. Identification and characterisation of cDNA clones encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tobacco. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Aug;19(5):793–801. doi: 10.1007/BF00027075. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lewis N. G., Yamamoto E. Lignin: occurrence, biogenesis and biodegradation. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1990;41:455–496. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pp.41.060190.002323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Minami A., Fukuda H. Transient and specific expression of a cysteine endopeptidase associated with autolysis during differentiation of Zinnia mesophyll cells into tracheary elements. Plant Cell Physiol. 1995 Dec;36(8):1599–1606. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. O'malley D. M., Porter S., Sederoff R. R. Purification, Characterization, and Cloning of Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.). Plant Physiol. 1992 Apr;98(4):1364–1371. doi: 10.1104/pp.98.4.1364. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Wyrambik D., Grisebach H. Purification and properties of isoenzymes of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase from soybean-cell-suspension cultures. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Nov 1;59(1):9–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02418.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ye Z. H., Varner J. E. Differential expression of two O-methyltransferases in lignin biosynthesis in Zinnia elegans. Plant Physiol. 1995 Jun;108(2):459–467. doi: 10.1104/pp.108.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES