Skip to main content
PMC home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1997 Sep;115(1):283–289. doi: 10.1104/pp.115.1.283

Rapid and transient induction of a parsley microsomal delta 12 fatty acid desaturase mRNA by fungal elicitor.

C Kirsch 1, K Hahlbrock 1, I E Somssich 1
PMCID: PMC158484  PMID: 9306702

Abstract

Treatment of cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) cells with a structurally defined peptide elicitor (Pep25) of fungal origin has previously been shown to cause rapid and large changes in the levels of various desaturated fatty acids. We isolated two distinct parsley cDNAs sharing high sequence similarity with microsomal omega-6 fatty acid desaturases (FADs). One of them was functionally identified as a delta 12 FAD by expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two dienoic fatty acids, hexadecadienoic and linoleic, which were not detectable in control cells, together constituted up to 12% of the total fatty acids in the transformed yeast cells. delta 12 FAD mRNA accumulated rapidly and transiently in elicitor-treated parsley cells, protoplasts, and leaves. These and previous results indicate that fatty acid desaturation is an important early component of the complex defense response of parsley to attempted fungal infection.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bell E., Creelman R. A., Mullet J. E. A chloroplast lipoxygenase is required for wound-induced jasmonic acid accumulation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 12;92(19):8675–8679. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blechert S., Brodschelm W., Hölder S., Kammerer L., Kutchan T. M., Mueller M. J., Xia Z. Q., Zenk M. H. The octadecanoic pathway: signal molecules for the regulation of secondary pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4099–4105. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4099. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blee E., Joyard J. Envelope Membranes from Spinach Chloroplasts Are a Site of Metabolism of Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides. Plant Physiol. 1996 Feb;110(2):445–454. doi: 10.1104/pp.110.2.445. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Conconi A., Miquel M., Browse J. A., Ryan C. A. Intracellular Levels of Free Linolenic and Linoleic Acids Increase in Tomato Leaves in Response to Wounding. Plant Physiol. 1996 Jul;111(3):797–803. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.3.797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Covello P. S., Reed D. W. Functional expression of the extraplastidial Arabidopsis thaliana oleate desaturase gene (FAD2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Physiol. 1996 May;111(1):223–226. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.1.223. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dixon R. A., Harrison M. J. Activation, structure, and organization of genes involved in microbial defense in plants. Adv Genet. 1990;28:165–234. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60527-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ellard-Ivey M., Douglas C. J. Role of Jasmonates in the Elicitor- and Wound-Inducible Expression of Defense Genes in Parsley and Transgenic Tobacco. Plant Physiol. 1996 Sep;112(1):183–192. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.1.183. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hahlbrock K., Scheel D., Logemann E., Nürnberger T., Parniske M., Reinold S., Sacks W. R., Schmelzer E. Oligopeptide elicitor-mediated defense gene activation in cultured parsley cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4150–4157. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4150. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Herrmann K. M. The Shikimate Pathway: Early Steps in the Biosynthesis of Aromatic Compounds. Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):907–919. doi: 10.1105/tpc.7.7.907. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kajiwara S., Shirai A., Fujii T., Toguri T., Nakamura K., Ohtaguchi K. Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: expression of ethanol tolerance and the FAD2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Dec;62(12):4309–4313. doi: 10.1128/aem.62.12.4309-4313.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kawalleck P., Plesch G., Hahlbrock K., Somssich I. E. Induction by fungal elicitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase mRNAs in cultured cells and leaves of Petroselinum crispum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 May 15;89(10):4713–4717. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4713. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kawalleck P., Schmelzer E., Hahlbrock K., Somssich I. E. Two pathogen-responsive genes in parsley encode a tyrosine-rich hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (hrgp) and an anionic peroxidase. Mol Gen Genet. 1995 May 20;247(4):444–452. doi: 10.1007/BF00293146. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kirsch C., Takamiya-Wik M., Reinold S., Hahlbrock K., Somssich I. E. Rapid, transient, and highly localized induction of plastidial omega-3 fatty acid desaturase mRNA at fungal infection sites in Petroselinum crispum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Mar 4;94(5):2079–2084. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.5.2079. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Laudert D., Pfannschmidt U., Lottspeich F., Holländer-Czytko H., Weiler E. W. Cloning, molecular and functional characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana allene oxide synthase (CYP 74), the first enzyme of the octadecanoid pathway to jasmonates. Plant Mol Biol. 1996 May;31(2):323–335. doi: 10.1007/BF00021793. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nishiuchi T., Nakamura T., Abe T., Kodama H., Nishimura M., Iba K. Tissue-specific and light-responsive regulation of the promoter region of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene (FAD7). Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;29(3):599–609. doi: 10.1007/BF00020987. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nürnberger T., Nennstiel D., Jabs T., Sacks W. R., Hahlbrock K., Scheel D. High affinity binding of a fungal oligopeptide elicitor to parsley plasma membranes triggers multiple defense responses. Cell. 1994 Aug 12;78(3):449–460. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90423-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Reinold S., Hahlbrock K. Biphasic Temporal and Spatial Induction Patterns of Defense-Related mRNAs and Proteins in Fungus-Infected Parsley Leaves. Plant Physiol. 1996 Sep;112(1):131–140. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.1.131. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rusterucci C., Stallaert V., Milat M. L., Pugin A., Ricci P., Blein J. P. Relationship between Active Oxygen Species, Lipid Peroxidation, Necrosis, and Phytoalexin Production Induced by Elicitins in Nicotiana. Plant Physiol. 1996 Jul;111(3):885–891. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.3.885. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schmelzer E., Jahnen W., Hahlbrock K. In situ localization of light-induced chalcone synthase mRNA, chalcone synthase, and flavonoid end products in epidermal cells of parsley leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):2989–2993. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.9.2989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shanklin J., Whittle E., Fox B. G. Eight histidine residues are catalytically essential in a membrane-associated iron enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, and are conserved in alkane hydroxylase and xylene monooxygenase. Biochemistry. 1994 Nov 1;33(43):12787–12794. doi: 10.1021/bi00209a009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Soni R., Carmichael J. P., Murray J. A. Parameters affecting lithium acetate-mediated transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and development of a rapid and simplified procedure. Curr Genet. 1993 Nov;24(5):455–459. doi: 10.1007/BF00351857. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wilson T. E., Fahrner T. J., Johnston M., Milbrandt J. Identification of the DNA binding site for NGFI-B by genetic selection in yeast. Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1296–1300. doi: 10.1126/science.1925541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. van de Loo F. J., Broun P., Turner S., Somerville C. An oleate 12-hydroxylase from Ricinus communis L. is a fatty acyl desaturase homolog. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Jul 18;92(15):6743–6747. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES