Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Plant Cell logoLink to The Plant Cell
. 1990 Nov;2(11):1081–1089. doi: 10.1105/tpc.2.11.1081

cis-acting elements involved in photoregulation of an oat phytochrome promoter in rice.

W B Bruce 1, P H Quail 1
PMCID: PMC159956  PMID: 2152109

Abstract

Phytochrome negatively regulates the transcription of its own phyA genes. High levels of Pfr, the active, far-red-light absorbing form of phytochrome, repress phyA transcription; low Pfr levels result in derepression. We have utilized microprojectile-mediated gene transfer to identify regions of an oat phyA3 gene involved in this autoregulation. Chimeric constructs containing various deletion and sequence substitution mutants of the oat phyA3 gene fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter (phyA3/CAT) have been introduced into etiolated rice seedlings by particle bombardment. Low Pfr concentrations induce high phyA3/CAT expression, whereas high Pfr represses activity to near basal levels. Removal of phyA3 sequences 3' to the transcription start site reduces expression about fivefold, suggesting that intron 1 of the phyA3 gene may be required for high activity. The degree of high-Pfr-imposed repression is unaffected by any of a series of deletions or sequence substitutions in the phyA3 promoter, thus providing no evidence of any Pfr-activated negative elements. In contrast, 5' and internal deletions identify a minimum of three major positive promoter elements, designated PE1 [-381 base pairs (bp) to -348 bp], PE2 (-635 bp to -489 bp), and PE3 (-110 bp to -76 bp) that are necessary for high-level expression in low-Pfr cells. The data indicate that PE1 and PE2 are functionally redundant, but that PE3 is required in conjunction with either PE1 or PE2 for activity. PE3 contains a sequence element that is highly conserved between monocot phyA promoters, indicative of a critical role in phyA expression.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (805.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bandyopadhyay R. S., Bruce W. B., Gurley W. B. Regulatory elements within the agropine synthase promoter of T-DNA. J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 15;264(32):19399–19406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benfey P. N., Chua N. H. Regulated genes in transgenic plants. Science. 1989 Apr 14;244(4901):174–181. doi: 10.1126/science.244.4901.174. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bruce W. B., Christensen A. H., Klein T., Fromm M., Quail P. H. Photoregulation of a phytochrome gene promoter from oat transferred into rice by particle bombardment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9692–9696. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9692. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Castresana C., Garcia-Luque I., Alonso E., Malik V. S., Cashmore A. R. Both positive and negative regulatory elements mediate expression of a photoregulated CAB gene from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):1929–1936. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03030.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Czarnecka E., Key J. L., Gurley W. B. Regulatory domains of the Gmhsp17.5-E heat shock promoter of soybean. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Aug;9(8):3457–3463. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.8.3457. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Datta N., Cashmore A. R. Binding of a pea nuclear protein to promoters of certain photoregulated genes is modulated by phosphorylation. Plant Cell. 1989 Nov;1(11):1069–1077. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.11.1069. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ephrussi A., Church G. M., Tonegawa S., Gilbert W. B lineage--specific interactions of an immunoglobulin enhancer with cellular factors in vivo. Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):134–140. doi: 10.1126/science.3917574. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Giuliano G., Pichersky E., Malik V. S., Timko M. P., Scolnik P. A., Cashmore A. R. An evolutionarily conserved protein binding sequence upstream of a plant light-regulated gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7089–7093. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Green P. J., Kay S. A., Chua N. H. Sequence-specific interactions of a pea nuclear factor with light-responsive elements upstream of the rbcS-3A gene. EMBO J. 1987 Sep;6(9):2543–2549. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02542.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Green P. J., Yong M. H., Cuozzo M., Kano-Murakami Y., Silverstein P., Chua N. H. Binding site requirements for pea nuclear protein factor GT-1 correlate with sequences required for light-dependent transcriptional activation of the rbcS-3A gene. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4035–4044. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03297.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Higuchi R., Krummel B., Saiki R. K. A general method of in vitro preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351–7367. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.15.7351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kay S. A., Keith B., Shinozaki K., Chye M. L., Chua N. H. The rice phytochrome gene: structure, autoregulated expression, and binding of GT-1 to a conserved site in the 5' upstream region. Plant Cell. 1989 Mar;1(3):351–360. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.3.351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Klein T. M., Fromm M., Weissinger A., Tomes D., Schaaf S., Sletten M., Sanford J. C. Transfer of foreign genes into intact maize cells with high-velocity microprojectiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4305–4309. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4305. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kuhlemeier C., Cuozzo M., Green P. J., Goyvaerts E., Ward K., Chua N. H. Localization and conditional redundancy of regulatory elements in rbcS-3A, a pea gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(13):4662–4666. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.13.4662. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lam E., Green P. J., Wong M., Chua N. H. Phytochrome activation of two nuclear genes requires cytoplasmic protein synthesis. EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):2777–2783. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08423.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lee B., Murdoch K., Topping J., Kreis M., Jones M. G. Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. Plant Mol Biol. 1989 Jul;13(1):21–29. doi: 10.1007/BF00027332. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Levine M., Manley J. L. Transcriptional repression of eukaryotic promoters. Cell. 1989 Nov 3;59(3):405–408. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90024-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lissemore J. L., Quail P. H. Rapid transcriptional regulation by phytochrome of the genes for phytochrome and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein in Avena sativa. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;8(11):4840–4850. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.11.4840. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Maniatis T., Goodbourn S., Fischer J. A. Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Science. 1987 Jun 5;236(4806):1237–1245. doi: 10.1126/science.3296191. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nagy F., Kay S. A., Chua N. H. Gene regulation by phytochrome. Trends Genet. 1988 Feb;4(2):37–42. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(88)90064-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ptashne M. Gene regulation by proteins acting nearby and at a distance. Nature. 1986 Aug 21;322(6081):697–701. doi: 10.1038/322697a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sharrock R. A., Quail P. H. Novel phytochrome sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana: structure, evolution, and differential expression of a plant regulatory photoreceptor family. Genes Dev. 1989 Nov;3(11):1745–1757. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.11.1745. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Vasil V., Clancy M., Ferl R. J., Vasil I. K., Hannah L. C. Increased gene expression by the first intron of maize shrunken-1 locus in grass species. Plant Physiol. 1989 Dec;91(4):1575–1579. doi: 10.1104/pp.91.4.1575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Plant Cell are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES