Abstract
Acquired resistance is an important component of the complex disease resistance mechanism in plants, which can result from either pathogen infection or treatment with synthetic, resistance-inducing compounds. In this study, Arabidopsis, a tractable genetic system, is shown to develop resistance to a bacterial and a fungal pathogen following 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) treatment. Three proteins that accumulated to high levels in the apoplast in response to INA treatment were purified and characterized. Expression of the genes corresponding to these proteins was induced by INA, pathogen infection, and salicylic acid, the latter being a putative endogenous signal for acquired resistance. Arabidopsis should serve as a genetic model for studies of this type of immune response in plants.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.7 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bednarek S. Y., Raikhel N. V. The barley lectin carboxyl-terminal propeptide is a vacuolar protein sorting determinant in plants. Plant Cell. 1991 Nov;3(11):1195–1206. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.11.1195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Church G. M., Gilbert W. Genomic sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991–1995. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dong X., Mindrinos M., Davis K. R., Ausubel F. M. Induction of Arabidopsis defense genes by virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains and by a cloned avirulence gene. Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):61–72. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Keen N. T. Gene-for-gene complementarity in plant-pathogen interactions. Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:447–463. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.24.120190.002311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagrimini L. M., Burkhart W., Moyer M., Rothstein S. Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding the lignin-forming peroxidase from tobacco: Molecular analysis and tissue-specific expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7542–7546. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malamy J., Carr J. P., Klessig D. F., Raskin I. Salicylic Acid: a likely endogenous signal in the resistance response of tobacco to viral infection. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):1002–1004. doi: 10.1126/science.250.4983.1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mauch F., Mauch-Mani B., Boller T. Antifungal Hydrolases in Pea Tissue : II. Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Combinations of Chitinase and beta-1,3-Glucanase. Plant Physiol. 1988 Nov;88(3):936–942. doi: 10.1104/pp.88.3.936. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Metzler M. C., Cutt J. R., Klessig D. F. Isolation and Characterization of a Gene Encoding a PR-1-Like Protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1991 May;96(1):346–348. doi: 10.1104/pp.96.1.346. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Métraux J. P., Signer H., Ryals J., Ward E., Wyss-Benz M., Gaudin J., Raschdorf K., Schmid E., Blum W., Inverardi B. Increase in salicylic Acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):1004–1006. doi: 10.1126/science.250.4983.1004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Payne G., Ward E., Gaffney T., Goy P. A., Moyer M., Harper A., Meins F., Jr, Ryals J. Evidence for a third structural class of beta-1,3-glucanase in tobacco. Plant Mol Biol. 1990 Dec;15(6):797–808. doi: 10.1007/BF00039420. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSS A. F. Localized acquired resistance to plant virus infection in hypersensitive hosts. Virology. 1961 Jul;14:329–339. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90318-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSS A. F. Systemic acquired resistance induced by localized virus infections in plants. Virology. 1961 Jul;14:340–358. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90319-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rasmussen J. B., Hammerschmidt R., Zook M. N. Systemic Induction of Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Cucumber after Inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. Plant Physiol. 1991 Dec;97(4):1342–1347. doi: 10.1104/pp.97.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Samac D. A., Hironaka C. M., Yallaly P. E., Shah D. M. Isolation and Characterization of the Genes Encoding Basic and Acidic Chitinase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1990 Jul;93(3):907–914. doi: 10.1104/pp.93.3.907. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singh N. K., Nelson D. E., Kuhn D., Hasegawa P. M., Bressan R. A. Molecular Cloning of Osmotin and Regulation of Its Expression by ABA and Adaptation to Low Water Potential. Plant Physiol. 1989 Jul;90(3):1096–1101. doi: 10.1104/pp.90.3.1096. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Verburg J. G., Huynh Q. K. Purification and Characterization of an Antifungal Chitinase from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 1991 Feb;95(2):450–455. doi: 10.1104/pp.95.2.450. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vigers A. J., Roberts W. K., Selitrennikoff C. P. A new family of plant antifungal proteins. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1991 Jul-Aug;4(4):315–323. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-4-315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward E. R., Uknes S. J., Williams S. C., Dincher S. S., Wiederhold D. L., Alexander D. C., Ahl-Goy P., Metraux J. P., Ryals J. A. Coordinate Gene Activity in Response to Agents That Induce Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Cell. 1991 Oct;3(10):1085–1094. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.10.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whalen M. C., Innes R. W., Bent A. F., Staskawicz B. J. Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens of Arabidopsis and a bacterial locus determining avirulence on both Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):49–59. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yalpani N., Silverman P., Wilson T. M., Kleier D. A., Raskin I. Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-infected tobacco. Plant Cell. 1991 Aug;3(8):809–818. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.8.809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]