Abstract
Pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a) is a protein of unknown function that is strongly induced during the onset of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco. The expression of PR-1a is under complex regulation that is controlled at least partially by the rate of transcription. In this study, we demonstrated that 661 bp of 5' flanking DNA was sufficient to impart tobacco mosaic virus and salicylic acid inducibility to a reporter gene. The PR-1a promoter did not respond significantly to treatments with either auxin or cytokinin. Experiments with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide indicated that protein synthesis is required for salicylate-dependent mRNA accumulation. At flowering, the PR-1a gene was expressed primarily in the mesophyll and epidermal tissues of the leaf blade and the sepals of the flower. Several artifacts, most importantly ectopic expression in pollen, were associated with the use of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.9 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants. Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1229–1231. doi: 10.1126/science.227.4691.1229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Church G. M., Gilbert W. Genomic sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991–1995. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeWitt N. D., Harper J. F., Sussman M. R. Evidence for a plasma membrane proton pump in phloem cells of higher plants. Plant J. 1991 Jul;1(1):121–128. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.1991.00121.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gianinazzi S., Martin C., Vallée J. C. Hypersensibilité aux virus, température et protéines soubles chez le Nicotiana Xanthi n.c. Apparition de nouvelles macromolécules lors de la répression de la synthèse virale. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1970 May 11;270(19):2383–2386. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guerrero F. D., Crossland L., Smutzer G. S., Hamilton D. A., Mascarenhas J. P. Promoter sequences from a maize pollen-specific gene direct tissue-specific transcription in tobacco. Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):161–168. doi: 10.1007/BF00271548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hershey J. W. Translational control in mammalian cells. Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:717–755. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.003441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Holsters M., de Waele D., Depicker A., Messens E., van Montagu M., Schell J. Transfection and transformation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Jul 11;163(2):181–187. doi: 10.1007/BF00267408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hood E. E., Helmer G. L., Fraley R. T., Chilton M. D. The hypervirulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281 is encoded in a region of pTiBo542 outside of T-DNA. J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1291–1301. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1291-1301.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jefferson R. A., Kavanagh T. A., Bevan M. W. GUS fusions: beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901–3907. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02730.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kunkel T. A., Roberts J. D., Zakour R. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Methods Enzymol. 1987;154:367–382. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)54085-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lagrimini L. M., Burkhart W., Moyer M., Rothstein S. Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding the lignin-forming peroxidase from tobacco: Molecular analysis and tissue-specific expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7542–7546. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malamy J., Carr J. P., Klessig D. F., Raskin I. Salicylic Acid: a likely endogenous signal in the resistance response of tobacco to viral infection. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):1002–1004. doi: 10.1126/science.250.4983.1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mauch F., Mauch-Mani B., Boller T. Antifungal Hydrolases in Pea Tissue : II. Inhibition of Fungal Growth by Combinations of Chitinase and beta-1,3-Glucanase. Plant Physiol. 1988 Nov;88(3):936–942. doi: 10.1104/pp.88.3.936. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McCormick S. Molecular analysis of male gametogenesis in plants. Trends Genet. 1991 Sep;7(9):298–303. doi: 10.1016/0168-9525(91)90312-E. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Memelink J., Linthorst H. J., Schilperoort R. A., Hoge J. H. Tobacco genes encoding acidic and basic isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins display different expression patterns. Plant Mol Biol. 1990 Feb;14(2):119–126. doi: 10.1007/BF00018553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Métraux J. P., Signer H., Ryals J., Ward E., Wyss-Benz M., Gaudin J., Raschdorf K., Schmid E., Blum W., Inverardi B. Increase in salicylic Acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):1004–1006. doi: 10.1126/science.250.4983.1004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ohshima M., Itoh H., Matsuoka M., Murakami T., Ohashi Y. Analysis of stress-induced or salicylic acid-induced expression of the pathogenesis-related 1a protein gene in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell. 1990 Feb;2(2):95–106. doi: 10.1105/tpc.2.2.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Payne G., Ahl P., Moyer M., Harper A., Beck J., Meins F., Jr, Ryals J. Isolation of complementary DNA clones encoding pathogenesis-related proteins P and Q, two acidic chitinases from tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jan;87(1):98–102. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.1.98. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peach C., Velten J. Transgene expression variability (position effect) of CAT and GUS reporter genes driven by linked divergent T-DNA promoters. Plant Mol Biol. 1991 Jul;17(1):49–60. doi: 10.1007/BF00036805. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSS A. F. Systemic acquired resistance induced by localized virus infections in plants. Virology. 1961 Jul;14:340–358. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90319-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Samac D. A., Shah D. M. Developmental and Pathogen-Induced Activation of the Arabidopsis Acidic Chitinase Promoter. Plant Cell. 1991 Oct;3(10):1063–1072. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.10.1063. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shinshi H., Mohnen D., Meins F. Regulation of a plant pathogenesis-related enzyme: Inhibition of chitinase and chitinase mRNA accumulation in cultured tobacco tissues by auxin and cytokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):89–93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.1.89. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vigers A. J., Roberts W. K., Selitrennikoff C. P. A new family of plant antifungal proteins. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1991 Jul-Aug;4(4):315–323. doi: 10.1094/mpmi-4-315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ward E. R., Uknes S. J., Williams S. C., Dincher S. S., Wiederhold D. L., Alexander D. C., Ahl-Goy P., Metraux J. P., Ryals J. A. Coordinate Gene Activity in Response to Agents That Induce Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Cell. 1991 Oct;3(10):1085–1094. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.10.1085. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yalpani N., Silverman P., Wilson T. M., Kleier D. A., Raskin I. Salicylic acid is a systemic signal and an inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins in virus-infected tobacco. Plant Cell. 1991 Aug;3(8):809–818. doi: 10.1105/tpc.3.8.809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Loon L. C., van Kammen A. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of the soluble leaf proteins from Nicotiana tabacum var. "Samsun" and "Samsun NN". II. Changes in protein constitution after infection with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology. 1970 Feb;40(2):190–211. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90395-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]