Abstract
TGA1a and PG13 constitute a family of tobacco basic leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins that bind to activating sequence-1 (as-1), which is one of the multiple regulatory cis elements of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. After truncation of the CaMV 35S promoter down to position -90 (CaMV 35S [-90] promoter), transcription stringently depends on the presence of as-1, which is recognized by nuclear DNA binding proteins called ASF-1. The role of the TGA1a/PG13 bZIP family in the formation of ASF-1 and in transcriptional activation of the CaMV 35S (-90) promoter has not yet been demonstrated in vivo. We constructed transgenic tobacco plants expressing a mutant of potato PG13, which lacks its wild-type DNA binding domain. This mutant acts as a trans-dominant inhibitor of ASF-1 formation and of expression from the CaMV 35S (-90) promoter, showing that PG13 can specifically interact with proteins necessary for these processes. Although we did not observe any other obvious phenotypic changes, these transgenic plants are a potentially valuable tool in identifying whether TGA1a and PG13 are involved in controlling promoters encoded in the plant genome.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.5 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Becker D. Binary vectors which allow the exchange of plant selectable markers and reporter genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Jan 11;18(1):203–203. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.1.203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Benfey P. N., Chua N. H. The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S Promoter: Combinatorial Regulation of Transcription in Plants. Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):959–966. doi: 10.1126/science.250.4983.959. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bouchez D., Tokuhisa J. G., Llewellyn D. J., Dennis E. S., Ellis J. G. The ocs-element is a component of the promoters of several T-DNA and plant viral genes. EMBO J. 1989 Dec 20;8(13):4197–4204. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08605.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooke R. The figwort mosaic virus gene VI promoter region contains a sequence highly homologous to the octopine synthase (ocs) enhancer element. Plant Mol Biol. 1990 Jul;15(1):181–182. doi: 10.1007/BF00017741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Deblaere R., Bytebier B., De Greve H., Deboeck F., Schell J., Van Montagu M., Leemans J. Efficient octopine Ti plasmid-derived vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer to plants. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jul 11;13(13):4777–4788. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.13.4777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ebert P. R., Ha S. B., An G. Identification of an essential upstream element in the nopaline synthase promoter by stable and transient assays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5745–5749. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.16.5745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis J. G., Tokuhisa J. G., Llewellyn D. J., Bouchez D., Singh K., Dennis E. S., Peacock W. J. Does the ocs-element occur as a functional component of the promoters of plant genes? Plant J. 1993 Sep;4(3):433–443. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1993.04030433.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Feltkamp D., Masterson R., Starke J., Rosahl S. Analysis of the involvement of ocs-like bZip-binding elements in the differential strength of the bidirectional mas1'2' promoter. Plant Physiol. 1994 May;105(1):259–268. doi: 10.1104/pp.105.1.259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Foley R. C., Grossman C., Ellis J. G., Llewellyn D. J., Dennis E. S., Peacock W. J., Singh K. B. Isolation of a maize bZIP protein subfamily: candidates for the ocs-element transcription factor. Plant J. 1993 May;3(5):669–679. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Frohberg C., Heins L., Gatz C. Characterization of the interaction of plant transcription factors using a bacterial repressor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10470–10474. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.23.10470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fromm H., Katagiri F., Chua N. H. An octopine synthase enhancer element directs tissue-specific expression and binds ASF-1, a factor from tobacco nuclear extracts. Plant Cell. 1989 Oct;1(10):977–984. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.10.977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fromm H., Katagiri F., Chua N. H. The tobacco transcription activator TGA1a binds to a sequence in the 5' upstream region of a gene encoding a TGA1a-related protein. Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Oct;229(2):181–188. doi: 10.1007/BF00272154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gatz C., Kaiser A., Wendenburg R. Regulation of a modified CaMV 35S promoter by the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor in transgenic tobacco. Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Jun;227(2):229–237. doi: 10.1007/BF00259675. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gatz C., Katzek J., Prat S., Heyer A. Repression of the CaMV 35S promoter by the octopine synthase enhancer element. FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 18;293(1-2):175–178. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)81180-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heyer A., Gatz C. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA-clone coding for potato type A phytochrome. Plant Mol Biol. 1992 Feb;18(3):535–544. doi: 10.1007/BF00040669. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jefferson R. A., Kavanagh T. A., Bevan M. W. GUS fusions: beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 20;6(13):3901–3907. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02730.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katagiri F., Seipel K., Chua N. H. Identification of a novel dimer stabilization region in a plant bZIP transcription activator. Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;12(11):4809–4816. doi: 10.1128/mcb.12.11.4809. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katagiri F., Yamazaki K., Horikoshi M., Roeder R. G., Chua N. H. A plant DNA-binding protein increases the number of active preinitiation complexes in a human in vitro transcription system. Genes Dev. 1990 Nov;4(11):1899–1909. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.11.1899. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kawata T., Imada T., Shiraishi H., Okada K., Shimura Y., Iwabuchi M. A cDNA clone encoding HBP-1b homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 11;20(5):1141–1141. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.5.1141. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lam E., Benfey P. N., Gilmartin P. M., Fang R. X., Chua N. H. Site-specific mutations alter in vitro factor binding and change promoter expression pattern in transgenic plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7890–7894. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.20.7890. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lam E., Katagiri F., Chua N. H. Plant nuclear factor ASF-1 binds to an essential region of the nopaline synthase promoter. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):9909–9913. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lamb P., McKnight S. L. Diversity and specificity in transcriptional regulation: the benefits of heterotypic dimerization. Trends Biochem Sci. 1991 Nov;16(11):417–422. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(91)90167-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Landschulz W. H., Johnson P. F., McKnight S. L. The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1759–1764. doi: 10.1126/science.3289117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Liu X., Lam E. Two binding sites for the plant transcription factor ASF-1 can respond to auxin treatments in transgenic tobacco. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 7;269(1):668–675. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Medberry S. L., Lockhart B. E., Olszewski N. E. The Commelina yellow mottle virus promoter is a strong promoter in vascular and reproductive tissues. Plant Cell. 1992 Feb;4(2):185–192. doi: 10.1105/tpc.4.2.185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meier I., Gruissem W. Novel conserved sequence motifs in plant G-box binding proteins and implications for interactive domains. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Feb 11;22(3):470–478. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.3.470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oeda K., Salinas J., Chua N. H. A tobacco bZip transcription activator (TAF-1) binds to a G-box-like motif conserved in plant genes. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1793–1802. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07704.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oertel-Buchheit P., Lamerichs R. M., Schnarr M., Granger-Schnarr M. Genetic analysis of the LexA repressor: isolation and characterization of LexA(Def) mutant proteins. Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Aug;223(1):40–48. doi: 10.1007/BF00315795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prat S., Willmitzer L., Sánchez-Serrano J. J. Nuclear proteins binding to a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S truncated promoter. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Jun;217(2-3):209–214. doi: 10.1007/BF02464883. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ptashne M. How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work. Nature. 1988 Oct 20;335(6192):683–689. doi: 10.1038/335683a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ransone L. J., Visvader J., Wamsley P., Verma I. M. Trans-dominant negative mutants of Fos and Jun. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3806–3810. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3806. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosahl S., Schell J., Willmitzer L. Expression of a tuber-specific storage protein in transgenic tobacco plants: demonstration of an esterase activity. EMBO J. 1987 May;6(5):1155–1159. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02348.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takahashi Y., Kuroda H., Tanaka T., Machida Y., Takebe I., Nagata T. Isolation of an auxin-regulated gene cDNA expressed during the transition from G0 to S phase in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(23):9279–9283. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.23.9279. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tokuhisa J. G., Singh K., Dennis E. S., Peacock W. J. A DNA-binding protein factor recognizes two binding domains within the octopine synthase enhancer element. Plant Cell. 1990 Mar;2(3):215–224. doi: 10.1105/tpc.2.3.215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Unger E., Parsons R. L., Schmidt R. J., Bowen B., Roth B. A. Dominant Negative Mutants of Opaque2 Suppress Transactivation of a 22-kD Zein Promoter by Opaque2 in Maize Endosperm Cells. Plant Cell. 1993 Aug;5(8):831–841. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.8.831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vancanneyt G., Schmidt R., O'Connor-Sanchez A., Willmitzer L., Rocha-Sosa M. Construction of an intron-containing marker gene: splicing of the intron in transgenic plants and its use in monitoring early events in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Jan;220(2):245–250. doi: 10.1007/BF00260489. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vervliet G., Holsters M., Teuchy H., Van Montagu M., Schell J. Characterization of different plaque-forming and defective temperate phages in Agrobacterium. J Gen Virol. 1975 Jan;26(1):33–48. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-26-1-33. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinmann P., Gossen M., Hillen W., Bujard H., Gatz C. A chimeric transactivator allows tetracycline-responsive gene expression in whole plants. Plant J. 1994 Apr;5(4):559–569. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.5040559.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]