Abstract
Fluorescence imaging was used to diagnose early stages of the strain-specific interactions between tobacco mosaic virus (strain PV230) and chloroplasts following infection of tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi). The earliest indication of interaction in tissues that ultimately become chlorotic was a reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence, and there was little fluorescence quenching compared with adjacent healthy tissues. Subsequently, fluorescence increased but remained unquenched. In the late stages fluorescence declined again in chlorotic regions as the chloroticmosaic symptoms developed. These in vivo data showing altered fluorescence yields confirm strain-specific interaction of virus coat protein with photosystem II (PSII) components in vitro, leading to photoinhibition and photooxidation of chlorophyll in infected cells and the development of visible chlorotic-mosaic symptoms. Although mechanisms leading to the low, unquenched fluorescence condition are not known, the intermediate high, unquenched fluorescence condition is consistent with impaired PSII electron transport as measured in vitro. Fluorescence lesions appear more rapidly and develop more extensively in high light, consistent with the faster and larger extent of symptom formation in high-light-grown leaves than in low-light-grown leaves.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.3 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Atkinson P. H., Matthews R. E. On the origin of dark green tissue in tobacco leaves infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology. 1970 Feb;40(2):344–356. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90411-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Balachandran S., Osmond C. B., Makino A. Effects of Two Strains of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Partitioning in Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi during Photoacclimation under Two Nitrogen Nutrition Regimes. Plant Physiol. 1994 Mar;104(3):1043–1050. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.3.1043. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Balachandran S., Osmond C. B. Susceptibility of Tobacco Leaves to Photoinhibition following Infection with Two Strains of Tobacco Mosaic Virus under Different Light and Nitrogen Nutrition Regimes. Plant Physiol. 1994 Mar;104(3):1051–1057. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.3.1051. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Daley P. F., Raschke K., Ball J. T., Berry J. A. Topography of photosynthetic activity of leaves obtained from video images of chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant Physiol. 1989 Aug;90(4):1233–1238. doi: 10.1104/pp.90.4.1233. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hodgson R. A., Beachy R. N., Pakrasi H. B. Selective inhibition of photosystem II in spinach by tobacco mosaic virus: an effect of the viral coat protein. FEBS Lett. 1989 Mar 13;245(1-2):267–270. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80234-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Klimov V. V., Klevanik A. V., Shuvalov V. A., Kransnovsky A. A. Reduction of pheophytin in the primary light reaction of photosystem II. FEBS Lett. 1977 Oct 15;82(2):183–186. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80580-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reinero A., Beachy R. N. Reduced Photosystem II Activity and Accumulation of Viral Coat Protein in Chloroplasts of Leaves Infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Plant Physiol. 1989 Jan;89(1):111–116. doi: 10.1104/pp.89.1.111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]