Skip to main content
American Journal of Public Health logoLink to American Journal of Public Health
. 1994 Dec;84(12):1947–1951. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1947

Health care-seeking behavior related to the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases in Kenya.

S Moses 1, E N Ngugi 1, J E Bradley 1, E K Njeru 1, G Eldridge 1, E Muia 1, J Olenja 1, F A Plummer 1
PMCID: PMC1615368  PMID: 7998635

Abstract

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to identify health-care seeking and related behaviors relevant to controlling sexually transmitted diseases in Kenya. METHODS. A total of 380 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (n = 189 men and 191 women) at eight public clinics were questioned about their health-care seeking and sexual behaviors. RESULTS. Women waited longer than men to attend study clinics and were more likely to continue to have sex while symptomatic. A large proportion of patients had sought treatment previously in both the public and private sectors without relief of symptoms, resulting in delays in presenting to study clinics. For women, being married and giving a recent history of selling sex were both independently associated with continuing to have sex while symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS. Reducing the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases in Kenya will require improved access, particularly for women, to effective health services, preferably at the point of first contact with the health system. It is also critical to encourage people to reduce sexual activity while symptomatic, seek treatment promptly, and increase condom use.

Full text

PDF
1947

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson R. M., May R. M. Epidemiological parameters of HIV transmission. Nature. 1988 Jun 9;333(6173):514–519. doi: 10.1038/333514a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ankrah E. M. AIDS and the social side of health. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32(9):967–980. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90155-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brabin L. Prevention of PID: a challenge for the health service. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992 Aug;86 (Suppl 1):25–33. doi: 10.1080/00034983.1992.11812732. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cameron D. W., Simonsen J. N., D'Costa L. J., Ronald A. R., Maitha G. M., Gakinya M. N., Cheang M., Ndinya-Achola J. O., Piot P., Brunham R. C. Female to male transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: risk factors for seroconversion in men. Lancet. 1989 Aug 19;2(8660):403–407. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90589-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Laga M., Manoka A., Kivuvu M., Malele B., Tuliza M., Nzila N., Goeman J., Behets F., Batter V., Alary M. Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: results from a cohort study. AIDS. 1993 Jan;7(1):95–102. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199301000-00015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Larson A. Social context of human immunodeficiency virus transmission in Africa: historical and cultural bases of east and central African sexual relations. Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Sep-Oct;11(5):716–731. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.5.716. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. McCarthy G. A., Cockell A. P., Kell P. D., Beevor A. S., Boag F. C. A women-only clinic for HIV, genitourinary medicine and substance misuse. Genitourin Med. 1992 Dec;68(6):386–389. doi: 10.1136/sti.68.6.386. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Niemiec M. A., Chen S. P. Seeking clinic care for veneral disease: a study of teenagers. J Sch Health. 1978 Jan;48(1):681–686. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. O'Farrell N., Hoosen A. A., Coetzee K. D., van den Ende J. Sexual behaviour in Zulu men and women with genital ulcer disease. Genitourin Med. 1992 Aug;68(4):245–248. doi: 10.1136/sti.68.4.245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Orubuloye I. O., Caldwell J. C., Caldwell P. African women's control over their sexuality in an era of AIDS. A study of the Yoruba of Nigeria. Soc Sci Med. 1993 Oct;37(7):859–872. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90139-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pepin J., Plummer F. A., Brunham R. C., Piot P., Cameron D. W., Ronald A. R. The interaction of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases: an opportunity for intervention. AIDS. 1989 Jan;3(1):3–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Shekelle P. G., Kosecoff J. Evaluating the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases at an urban public hospital outpatient clinic. Am J Public Health. 1992 Jan;82(1):115–117. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.1.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Temmerman M., Ali F. M., Ndinya-Achola J., Moses S., Plummer F. A., Piot P. Rapid increase of both HIV-1 infection and syphilis among pregnant women in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS. 1992 Oct;6(10):1181–1185. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199210000-00019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Yorke J. A., Hethcote H. W., Nold A. Dynamics and control of the transmission of gonorrhea. Sex Transm Dis. 1978 Apr-Jun;5(2):51–56. doi: 10.1097/00007435-197804000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association

RESOURCES