Abstract
Three types of multiple-drug-resistant mutants which were phenotypically similar to previously described nalB, nfxB, and nfxC mutants were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and two clinical isolates. Type 1 (nalB-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones. They overproduced an outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa (OprM). Type 2 (nfxB-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to quinolones and new cephems, i.e., cefpirome and cefozopran, concomitant with overproduction of an outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 54 kDa (OprJ). Type 3 (nfxC-type) mutants showed cross-resistance to carbapenems and quinolones. They produced decreased amounts of OprD and increased amounts of a 50-kDa protein (OprN), which was almost the same molecular weight as that of OprM, but it was distinguishable from OprM by its heat modifiability on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of salicylate, the parent strains showed an increased level of resistance to carbapenems and quinolones and produced decreased amounts of OprD and increased amounts of OprN. Salicylate caused the repression of OprJ production and the loss of resistance to cefpirome and cefozopran in two of the three OprJ-overproducing mutants, although salicylate slightly increased the level of resistance in the parent strains. The changes in susceptibilities were transient in the presence of salicylate. These data suggest that at least three different outer membrane proteins, OprM, OprJ, and OprN, are associated with multiple drug resistance in P. aeruginosa.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (266.9 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Angus B. L., Carey A. M., Caron D. A., Kropinski A. M., Hancock R. E. Outer membrane permeability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of a wild-type with an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Feb;21(2):299–309. doi: 10.1128/aac.21.2.299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Burns J. L., Clark D. K. Salicylate-inducible antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas cepacia associated with absence of a pore-forming outer membrane protein. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Oct;36(10):2280–2285. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.10.2280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fukuda H., Hosaka M., Hirai K., Iyobe S. New norfloxacin resistance gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Sep;34(9):1757–1761. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.9.1757. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hancock R. E., Carey A. M. Outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: heat- 2-mercaptoethanol-modifiable proteins. J Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;140(3):902–910. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.3.902-910.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirai K., Suzue S., Irikura T., Iyobe S., Mitsuhashi S. Mutations producing resistance to norfloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Apr;31(4):582–586. doi: 10.1128/aac.31.4.582. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Höfte M., Buysens S., Koedam N., Cornelis P. Zinc affects siderophore-mediated high affinity iron uptake systems in the rhizosphere Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2. Biometals. 1993 Summer;6(2):85–91. doi: 10.1007/BF00140108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Inoue Y., Sato K., Fujii T., Hirai K., Inoue M., Iyobe S., Mitsuhashi S. Some properties of subunits of DNA gyrase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its nalidixic acid-resistant mutant. J Bacteriol. 1987 May;169(5):2322–2325. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.5.2322-2325.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iwahi T., Okonogi K., Yamazaki T., Shiki S., Kondo M., Miyake A., Imada A. In vitro and in vivo activities of SCE-2787, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Jul;36(7):1358–1366. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.7.1358. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kawaji H., Mizuno T., Mizushima S. Influence of molecular size and osmolarity of sugars and dextrans on the synthesis of outer membrane proteins O-8 and O-9 of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1979 Dec;140(3):843–847. doi: 10.1128/jb.140.3.843-847.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis K. Multidrug resistance pumps in bacteria: variations on a theme. Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Mar;19(3):119–123. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(94)90204-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Masuda N., Ohya S. Cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Sep;36(9):1847–1851. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.9.1847. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nicas T. I., Hancock R. E. Outer membrane protein H1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: involvement in adaptive and mutational resistance to ethylenediaminetetraacetate, polymyxin B, and gentamicin. J Bacteriol. 1980 Aug;143(2):872–878. doi: 10.1128/jb.143.2.872-878.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nikaido H. Prevention of drug access to bacterial targets: permeability barriers and active efflux. Science. 1994 Apr 15;264(5157):382–388. doi: 10.1126/science.8153625. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Poole K., Krebes K., McNally C., Neshat S. Multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence for involvement of an efflux operon. J Bacteriol. 1993 Nov;175(22):7363–7372. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.22.7363-7372.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rella M., Haas D. Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO to nalidixic acid and low levels of beta-lactam antibiotics: mapping of chromosomal genes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1982 Aug;22(2):242–249. doi: 10.1128/aac.22.2.242. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robillard N. J., Scarpa A. L. Genetic and physiological characterization of ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Apr;32(4):535–539. doi: 10.1128/aac.32.4.535. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosner J. L. Nonheritable resistance to chloramphenicol and other antibiotics induced by salicylates and other chemotactic repellents in Escherichia coli K-12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8771–8774. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8771. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sumita Y., Fukasawa M. Transient carbapenem resistance induced by salicylate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with suppression of outer membrane protein D2 synthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Dec;37(12):2743–2746. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.12.2743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Visca P., Colotti G., Serino L., Verzili D., Orsi N., Chiancone E. Metal regulation of siderophore synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and functional effects of siderophore-metal complexes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Sep;58(9):2886–2893. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.9.2886-2893.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshimura F., Nikaido H. Permeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane to hydrophilic solutes. J Bacteriol. 1982 Nov;152(2):636–642. doi: 10.1128/jb.152.2.636-642.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]