Abstract
The activities of three antibiotics in both Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and pooled human urine were compared by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Clinical and reference strains of Escherichia coli were exposed to antibiotics at concentrations achievable in human urine. The rate of bacterial killing (time to a reduction of 3 log10 CFU/ml) and the extent of bacterial killing at 24 h were examined. Between MHB and urine, there were no significant differences in the rate or extent of bacterial killing for both ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. For trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole there was no significant difference in the extent of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P > 0.1); however, there was a significant decrease in the rate of bacterial killing in urine compared with that in MHB (P < 0.001). We conclude that with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, activity against E. coli in MHB is predictive of the effects in human urine. The activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in MHB predicts the extent but not the rate of bacterial killing in human urine.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (256.5 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Asscher A. W., Sussman M., Waters W. E., Davis R. H., Chick S. Urine as a medium for bacterial growth. Lancet. 1966 Nov 12;2(7472):1037–1041. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92023-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bennett J. V., Brodie J. L., Benner E. J., Kirby W. M. Simplified, accurate method for antibiotic assay of clinical specimens. Appl Microbiol. 1966 Mar;14(2):170–177. doi: 10.1128/am.14.2.170-177.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Drusano G. L. Human pharmacodynamics of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and their combination. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl. 1990;74:235–248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan S. L. New aspects of prevention and therapy of meningitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1992 Mar;6(1):197–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norrby S. R. Short-term treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 May-Jun;12(3):458–467. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.3.458. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Petersen E. E., Wingen F., Fairchild K. L., Halfhide A., Hendrischk A., Links M., Schad M., Scholz H. R., Schürmann N., Siegmann S. Single dose pefloxacin compared with multiple dose co-trimoxazole in cystitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1990 Oct;26 (Suppl B):147–152. doi: 10.1093/jac/26.suppl_b.147. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Philbrick J. T., Bracikowski J. P. Single-dose antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Less for less? Arch Intern Med. 1985 Sep;145(9):1672–1678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhanel G. G., Karlowsky J. A., Davidson R. J., Hoban D. J. Influence of human urine on the in vitro activity and postantibiotic effect of ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli. Chemotherapy. 1991;37(3):218–223. doi: 10.1159/000238857. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhanel G. G., Ronald A. R. Single-dose versus traditional therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1988 Jan;22(1):21–24. doi: 10.1177/106002808802200103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]