Skip to main content
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1996 Apr;40(4):1060–1062. doi: 10.1128/aac.40.4.1060

GyrB mutations in Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cyclothialidine, coumermycin, and novobiocin.

M Stieger 1, P Angehrn 1, B Wohlgensinger 1, H Gmünder 1
PMCID: PMC163264  PMID: 8849232

Abstract

The sequence of the gyrase B subunit gene from Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to the gyrase B subunit inhibitors cyclothialidine, coumermycin, and novobiocin has been determined. The residues altered in the resistant gyrase B subunits map to the ATP-binding region, suggesting that the drugs inhibit ATP binding and hydrolysis. The pattern of cross-resistances indicates that the detailed binding mode of the compounds differs.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (159.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ali J. A., Jackson A. P., Howells A. J., Maxwell A. The 43-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein hydrolyzes ATP and binds coumarin drugs. Biochemistry. 1993 Mar 16;32(10):2717–2724. doi: 10.1021/bi00061a033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brockbank S. M., Barth P. T. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the DNA gyrase genes from Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 1993 Jun;175(11):3269–3277. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.11.3269-3277.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Contreras A., Maxwell A. gyrB mutations which confer coumarin resistance also affect DNA supercoiling and ATP hydrolysis by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. Mol Microbiol. 1992 Jun;6(12):1617–1624. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00886.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cullen M. E., Wyke A. W., Kuroda R., Fisher L. M. Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989 Jun;33(6):886–894. doi: 10.1128/aac.33.6.886. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Drlica K., Coughlin S. Inhibitors of DNA gyrase. Pharmacol Ther. 1989;44(1):107–121. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(89)90093-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gellert M., Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Nash H. A. DNA gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Nov;73(11):3872–3876. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.11.3872. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gellert M., O'Dea M. H., Itoh T., Tomizawa J. Novobiocin and coumermycin inhibit DNA supercoiling catalyzed by DNA gyrase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Dec;73(12):4474–4478. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.12.4474. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gilbert E. J., Maxwell A. The 24 kDa N-terminal sub-domain of the DNA gyrase B protein binds coumarin drugs. Mol Microbiol. 1994 May;12(3):365–373. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01026.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goetschi E., Angehrn P., Gmuender H., Hebeisen P., Link H., Masciadri R., Nielsen J. Cyclothialidine and its congeners: a new class of DNA gyrase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Nov;60(2):367–380. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(93)90017-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holmes M. L., Dyall-Smith M. L. Mutations in DNA gyrase result in novobiocin resistance in halophilic archaebacteria. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):642–648. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.642-648.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hooper D. C., Wolfson J. S. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 7;324(6):384–394. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199102073240606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Horowitz D. S., Wang J. C. Mapping the active site tyrosine of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 15;262(11):5339–5344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jackson A. P., Maxwell A., Wigley D. B. Preliminary crystallographic analysis of the ATP-hydrolysing domain of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase B protein. J Mol Biol. 1991 Jan 5;217(1):15–17. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(91)90606-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kamiyama T., Shimma N., Ohtsuka T., Nakayama N., Itezono Y., Nakada N., Watanabe J., Yokose K. Cyclothialidine, a novel DNA gyrase inhibitor. II. Isolation, characterization and structure elucidation. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994 Jan;47(1):37–45. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.37. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Klevan L., Wang J. C. Deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase-deoxyribonucleic acid complex containing 140 base pairs of deoxyribonucleic acid and an alpha 2 beta 2 protein core. Biochemistry. 1980 Nov 11;19(23):5229–5234. doi: 10.1021/bi00564a012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lewis R. J., Singh O. M., Smith C. V., Maxwell A., Skarzynski T., Wonacott A. J., Wigley D. B. Crystallization of inhibitor complexes of an N-terminal 24 kDa fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein. J Mol Biol. 1994 Aug 5;241(1):128–130. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1480. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Margerrison E. E., Hopewell R., Fisher L. M. Nucleotide sequence of the Staphylococcus aureus gyrB-gyrA locus encoding the DNA gyrase A and B proteins. J Bacteriol. 1992 Mar;174(5):1596–1603. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.5.1596-1603.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mizuuchi K., O'Dea M. H., Gellert M. DNA gyrase: subunit structure and ATPase activity of the purified enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec;75(12):5960–5963. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Muñoz R., Bustamante M., de la Campa A. G. Ser-127-to-Leu substitution in the DNA gyrase B subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae is implicated in novobiocin resistance. J Bacteriol. 1995 Jul;177(14):4166–4170. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.14.4166-4170.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nakada N., Gmünder H., Hirata T., Arisawa M. Characterization of the binding site for cyclothialidine on the B subunit of DNA gyrase. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 16;270(24):14286–14291. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.24.14286. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nakada N., Shimada H., Hirata T., Aoki Y., Kamiyama T., Watanabe J., Arisawa M. Biological characterization of cyclothialidine, a new DNA gyrase inhibitor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Dec;37(12):2656–2661. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.12.2656. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Oram M., Fisher L. M. 4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Feb;35(2):387–389. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.2.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Reece R. J., Maxwell A. DNA gyrase: structure and function. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;26(3-4):335–375. doi: 10.3109/10409239109114072. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Reece R. J., Maxwell A. Probing the limits of the DNA breakage-reunion domain of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase A protein. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3540–3546. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Rádl S. Structure-activity relationships in DNA gyrase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther. 1990;48(1):1–17. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(90)90014-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sreedharan S., Oram M., Jensen B., Peterson L. R., Fisher L. M. DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1990 Dec;172(12):7260–7262. doi: 10.1128/jb.172.12.7260-7262.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stein D. C., Danaher R. J., Cook T. M. Characterization of a gyrB mutation responsible for low-level nalidixic acid resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Apr;35(4):622–626. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.4.622. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sugino A., Higgins N. P., Brown P. O., Peebles C. L., Cozzarelli N. R. Energy coupling in DNA gyrase and the mechanism of action of novobiocin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4838–4842. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4838. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Thiara A. S., Cundliffe E. Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase B gene from Streptomyces sphaeroides that confers resistance to novobiocin. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):2255–2259. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03065.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wang J. C. DNA topoisomerases. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:665–697. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.54.070185.003313. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wang Y., Huang W. M., Taylor D. E. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene and characterization of quinolone resistance mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Mar;37(3):457–463. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.3.457. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Watanabe J., Nakada N., Sawairi S., Shimada H., Ohshima S., Kamiyama T., Arisawa M. Cyclothialidine, a novel DNA gyrase inhibitor. I. Screening, taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994 Jan;47(1):32–36. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wigley D. B., Davies G. J., Dodson E. J., Maxwell A., Dodson G. Crystal structure of an N-terminal fragment of the DNA gyrase B protein. Nature. 1991 Jun 20;351(6328):624–629. doi: 10.1038/351624a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Willmott C. J., Maxwell A. A single point mutation in the DNA gyrase A protein greatly reduces binding of fluoroquinolones to the gyrase-DNA complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Jan;37(1):126–127. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.1.126. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yoshida H., Bogaki M., Nakamura M., Nakamura S. Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1271–1272. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.6.1271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. del Castillo I., Vizán J. L., Rodríguez-Sáinz M. C., Moreno F. An unusual mechanism for resistance to the antibiotic coumermycin A1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8860–8864. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.19.8860. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES