Abstract
Four large staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 31 to 82 kbp have been shown to mediate tetracycline resistance via an integrated copy of the tet(K)-encoding plasmid pT181 which was flanked by copies of the insertion element IS257. In two cases, IS257 elements interrupted the repC reading frame of pT181 and an 8-bp sequence from within the repC gene was duplicated at the interrupted site. In the third plasmid, the IS257 elements interrupted the pT181 DNA immediately upstream of the repC coding sequence with an 8-bp duplication. In the fourth case, the IS257 elements flanked a pT181-like plasmid with one IS257 in the repC coding sequence and the other within the recombinase (pre) coding sequence, so that a section of the pT181 sequence was deleted. All four integration sites detected in this study differ from those previously described for the IS257-mediated integration of pT181-like plasmids into large plasmids or into the chromosomal DNA.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (165.1 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Ferretti J. J., Gilmore K. S., Courvalin P. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene specifying the bifunctional 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase 2"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase enzyme in Streptococcus faecalis and identification and cloning of gene regions specifying the two activities. J Bacteriol. 1986 Aug;167(2):631–638. doi: 10.1128/jb.167.2.631-638.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Khan S. A., Novick R. P. Complete nucleotide sequence of pT181, a tetracycline-resistance plasmid from Staphylococcus aureus. Plasmid. 1983 Nov;10(3):251–259. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(83)90039-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lodder G., Schwarz S., Gregory P., Dyke K. Tandem duplication in ermC translational attenuator of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance plasmid pSES6 from Staphylococcus equorum. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Jan;40(1):215–217. doi: 10.1128/aac.40.1.215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Needham C., Noble W. C., Dyke K. G. The staphylococcal insertion sequence IS257 is active. Plasmid. 1995 Nov;34(3):198–205. doi: 10.1006/plas.1995.0005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Needham C., Rahman M., Dyke K. G., Noble W. C. An investigation of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus that mediate resistance to mupirocin and tetracycline. Microbiology. 1994 Oct;140(Pt 10):2577–2583. doi: 10.1099/00221287-140-10-2577. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rahman M., Noble W. C., Dyke K. G. Probes for the study of mupirocin resistance in staphylococci. J Med Microbiol. 1993 Dec;39(6):446–449. doi: 10.1099/00222615-39-6-446. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roberts M. C. Epidemiology of tetracycline-resistance determinants. Trends Microbiol. 1994 Oct;2(10):353–357. doi: 10.1016/0966-842x(94)90610-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rouch D. A., Skurray R. A. IS257 from Staphylococcus aureus: member of an insertion sequence superfamily prevalent among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Gene. 1989;76(2):195–205. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90160-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz S., Noble W. C. Tetracycline resistance genes in staphylococci from the skin of pigs. J Appl Bacteriol. 1994 Apr;76(4):320–326. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb01635.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwarz S., Spies U., Cardoso M. Cloning and sequence analysis of a plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene from Staphylococcus intermedius. J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Apr;137(4):977–981. doi: 10.1099/00221287-137-4-977. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stewart P. R., Dubin D. T., Chikramane S. G., Inglis B., Matthews P. R., Poston S. M. IS257 and small plasmid insertions in the mec region of the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus. Plasmid. 1994 Jan;31(1):12–20. doi: 10.1006/plas.1994.1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]