Abstract
The amikacin resistance gene aac(6')-Im [corrected] from Citrobacter freundii Cf155 encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase was characterized. The gene was identified as a coding sequence of 521 bp located down-stream from the 5' conserved segment of an integron. The sequence of this aac(6')-Im [corrected] gene corresponded to a protein of 173 amino acids which possessed 64.2% identity in a 165-amino-acid overlap with the aac(6')-Ia gene product (F.C. Tenover, D. Filpula, K.L. Phillips, and J. J. Plorde, J. Bacteriol. 170:471-473, 1988). By using PCR, the aac(6')-Im [corrected] gene could be detected in 8 of 86 gram-negative clinical isolates from two Belgian hospitals, including isolates of Citrobacter, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli. PCR mapping of the aac(6')-Im [corrected] gene environment in these isolates indicated that the gene was located within a sulI-type integron; the insert region is 1,700 bases long and includes two genes cassettes, the second being ant (3")-Ib.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (279.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Bissonnette L., Roy P. H. Characterization of In0 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pVS1, an ancestor of integrons of multiresistance plasmids and transposons of gram-negative bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1992 Feb;174(4):1248–1257. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.4.1248-1257.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Costa Y., Galimand M., Leclercq R., Duval J., Courvalin P. Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Sep;37(9):1896–1903. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.9.1896. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Devereux J., Haeberli P., Smithies O. A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 11;12(1 Pt 1):387–395. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.1part1.387. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferretti J. J., Gilmore K. S., Courvalin P. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene specifying the bifunctional 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase 2"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase enzyme in Streptococcus faecalis and identification and cloning of gene regions specifying the two activities. J Bacteriol. 1986 Aug;167(2):631–638. doi: 10.1128/jb.167.2.631-638.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall R. M., Brookes D. E., Stokes H. W. Site-specific insertion of genes into integrons: role of the 59-base element and determination of the recombination cross-over point. Mol Microbiol. 1991 Aug;5(8):1941–1959. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00817.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hollingshead S., Vapnek D. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a gene encoding a streptomycin/spectinomycin adenylyltransferase. Plasmid. 1985 Jan;13(1):17–30. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(85)90052-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lambert T., Gerbaud G., Courvalin P. Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Sep;38(9):1883–1889. doi: 10.1128/aac.38.9.1883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lambert T., Gerbaud G., Galimand M., Courvalin P. Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Oct;37(10):2093–2100. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.10.2093. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lévesque C., Brassard S., Lapointe J., Roy P. H. Diversity and relative strength of tandem promoters for the antibiotic-resistance genes of several integrons. Gene. 1994 May 3;142(1):49–54. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90353-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paulsen I. T., Littlejohn T. G., Rådström P., Sundström L., Sköld O., Swedberg G., Skurray R. A. The 3' conserved segment of integrons contains a gene associated with multidrug resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Apr;37(4):761–768. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.4.761. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Recchia G. D., Stokes H. W., Hall R. M. Characterisation of specific and secondary recombination sites recognised by the integron DNA integrase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 11;22(11):2071–2078. doi: 10.1093/nar/22.11.2071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rudant E., Bourlioux P., Courvalin P., Lambert T. Characterization of the aac(6')-Ik gene of Acinetobacter sp. 6. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994 Nov 15;124(1):49–54. doi: 10.1016/0378-1097(94)90331-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schmidt F. R., Nücken E. J., Henschke R. B. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 2''-aminoglycoside nucleotidyl-transferase ANT(2'') from Tn4000: its relationship with AAD(3'') and impact on Tn21 evolution. Mol Microbiol. 1988 Nov;2(6):709–717. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00081.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shaw K. J., Cramer C. A., Rizzo M., Mierzwa R., Gewain K., Miller G. H., Hare R. S. Isolation, characterization, and DNA sequence analysis of an AAC(6')-II gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989 Dec;33(12):2052–2062. doi: 10.1128/aac.33.12.2052. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shaw K. J., Rather P. N., Sabatelli F. J., Mann P., Munayyer H., Mierzwa R., Petrikkos G. L., Hare R. S., Miller G. H., Bennett P. Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ic gene from Serratia marcescens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Jul;36(7):1447–1455. doi: 10.1128/aac.36.7.1447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stokes H. W., Hall R. M. A novel family of potentially mobile DNA elements encoding site-specific gene-integration functions: integrons. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Dec;3(12):1669–1683. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00153.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sundström L., Sköld O. The dhfrI trimethoprim resistance gene of Tn7 can be found at specific sites in other genetic surroundings. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Apr;34(4):642–650. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.4.642. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tait R. C., Rempel H., Rodriguez R. L., Kado C. I. The aminoglycoside-resistance operon of the plasmid pSa: nucleotide sequence of the streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance gene. Gene. 1985;36(1-2):97–104. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90073-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tenover F. C., Filpula D., Phillips K. L., Plorde J. J. Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase from an R factor of Citrobacter diversus. J Bacteriol. 1988 Jan;170(1):471–473. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.1.471-473.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Terán F. J., Suárez J. E., Mendoza M. C. Cloning, sequencing, and use as a molecular probe of a gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase of broad substrate profile. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Apr;35(4):714–719. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.4.714. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tran van Nhieu G., Collatz E. Primary structure of an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase AAC(6')-4, fused in vivo with the signal peptide of the Tn3-encoded beta-lactamase. J Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;169(12):5708–5714. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.12.5708-5714.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vanhoof R., Content J., Van Bossuyt E., Nulens E., Sonck P., Depuydt F., Hubrechts J. M., Maes P., Hannecart-Pokorni E. Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of aacA genes encoding aminoglycoside-6'-N-acetyltransferases in reference strains and gram-negative clinical isolates from two Belgium hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993 Jul;32(1):23–35. doi: 10.1093/jac/32.1.23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vliegenthart J. S., Ketelaar-van Gaalen P. A., van de Klundert J. A. Identification of three genes coding for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by means of the polymerase chain reaction. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1990 May;25(5):759–765. doi: 10.1093/jac/25.5.759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]