Abstract
The work group on cardiovascular and endocrine effects was asked to review the current state of knowledge about children's windows of vulnerability to developmental toxicants and to recommend how that information may be used to improve risk assessment and public health. We considered differences between structural defects, where periods of vulnerability are rather well defined, and functional defects, where periods of vulnerability are quite elusive.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams G. R., McCue S. A., Zeng M., Baldwin K. M. Time course of myosin heavy chain transitions in neonatal rats: importance of innervation and thyroid state. Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4 Pt 2):R954–R961. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r954. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barr M., Jr Correlates of prenatal visceromegaly. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Oct 2;79(4):249–252. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19981002)79:4<249::aid-ajmg4>3.0.co;2-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barr M., Jr Growth as a manifestation of teratogenesis: lessons from human fetal pathology. Reprod Toxicol. 1997 Jul-Aug;11(4):583–587. doi: 10.1016/s0890-6238(97)89177-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gaillard D. A., Lallemand A. V., Moirot H. H., Visseaux-Coletto B. J., Paradis P. H. Fetal adrenal development during the second trimester of gestation. Pediatr Pathol. 1990;10(3):335–350. doi: 10.3109/15513819009067122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoet J. J., Ozanne S., Reusens B. Influences of pre- and postnatal nutritional exposures on vascular/endocrine systems in animals. Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 (Suppl 3):563–568. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s3563. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Osmond C., Barker D. J. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predictors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men and women. Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 (Suppl 3):545–553. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s3545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rudolph A. M., Roman C., Gournay V. Perinatal myocardial DNA and protein changes in the lamb: effect of cortisol in the fetus. Pediatr Res. 1999 Aug;46(2):141–146. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199908000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sadler T. W. Susceptible periods during embryogenesis of the heart and endocrine glands. Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 (Suppl 3):555–561. doi: 10.1289/ehp.00108s3555. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]