Abstract
In this study, excess rates of pneumonia and influenza (P&I) associated hospitalization during influenza A epidemics which occurred in the United States between 1970-78 were computed utilizing unpublished data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS). Excesses occurred at rates of 35, 93, and 370 per 100,000 persons per epidemic for age groups 15-44, 45-64, and 65+ years. There was no evidence of a persisting excess or a compensatory decline in P&I hospitalization during post-epidemic months. An average excess of about 172,000 hospitalizations per epidemic at a cost in excess of $300 million was computed. The study quantifies a major impact of epidemic influenza upon health and health services, much of which may be preventable, and illustrates an important use of unpublished data contained in the NHDS.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Barker W. H., Mullooly J. P. "A study of excess mortality during influenza epidemics in the United States, 1968-1976". Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Mar;115(3):479–480. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker W. H., Mullooly J. P. Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population. Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Dec;112(6):798–811. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113052. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker W. H., Mullooly J. P. Influenza vaccination of elderly persons. Reduction in pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations and deaths. JAMA. 1980 Dec 5;244(22):2547–2549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker W. H., Mullooly J. P. Pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: implications for prevention. Arch Intern Med. 1982 Jan;142(1):85–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker W. H., Mullooly J. P. Underestimation of the role of pneumonia and influenza in causing excess mortality. Am J Public Health. 1981 Jun;71(6):643–645. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.6.643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Foy H. M., Cooney M. K., McMahan R., Grayston J. T. Viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia in a prepaid medical care group during an eight-year period. Am J Epidemiol. 1973 Feb;97(2):93–102. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hinman A. R., Schonberger L. B., Retailliau H. F. Influenza immunization: the U. S. experience. Dev Biol Stand. 1979;43:223–230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kavet J. A perspective on the significance of pandemic influenza. Am J Public Health. 1977 Nov;67(11):1063–1070. doi: 10.2105/ajph.67.11.1063. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rice D. P., Feldman J. J. Living longer in the United States: demographic changes and health needs of the elderly. Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1983 Summer;61(3):362–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sabin A. B. Mortality from pneumonia and risk conditions during influenza epidemics. High influenza morbidity during nonepidemic years. JAMA. 1977 Jun 27;237(26):2823–2828. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schoenbaum S. C., McNeil B. J., Kavet J. The swine-influenza decision. N Engl J Med. 1976 Sep 30;295(14):759–765. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197609302951405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]