Abstract
An epidemic of gastroenteritis in a teaching hospital affected 57 patients and 69 staff over a 26-day period. The index case was a patient admitted with acute abdominal pain and diarrhea two days prior to the outbreak. The epidemic curve indicated person-to-person transmission. The incubation period, duration and types of symptoms were typical of Norwalk gastroenteritis, and Norwalk-like virus particles, serologically different from the prototype Norwalk virus strain, were observed in 17 of 20 fecal specimens examined by immune-electron microscopy.
Full text
PDF




Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Appleton H., Buckley M., Thom B. T., Cotton J. L., Henderson S. Virus-like particles in winter vomiting disease. Lancet. 1977 Feb 19;1(8008):409–411. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92614-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Black R. E., Greenberg H. B., Kapikian A. Z., Brown K. H., Becker S. Acquisition of serum antibody to Norwalk Virus and rotavirus and relation to diarrhea in a longitudinal study of young children in rural Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 1982 Apr;145(4):483–489. doi: 10.1093/infdis/145.4.483. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brondum J., Spitalny K. C., Vogt R. L., Godlewski K., Madore H. P., Dolin R. Snow Mountain agent associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Vermont. J Infect Dis. 1985 Oct;152(4):834–837. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.4.834. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gary G. W., Jr, Kaplan J. E., Stine S. E., Anderson L. J. Detection of Norwalk virus antibodies and antigen with a biotin-avidin immunoassay. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Aug;22(2):274–278. doi: 10.1128/jcm.22.2.274-278.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg H. B., Valdesuso J., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M., Wyatt R. G., Szmuness W., Larrick J., Kaplan J., Gilman R. H., Sack D. A. Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk virus in various countries. Infect Immun. 1979 Oct;26(1):270–273. doi: 10.1128/iai.26.1.270-273.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg H. B., Valdesuso J., Yolken R. H., Gangarosa E., Gary W., Wyatt R. G., Konno T., Suzuki H., Chanock R. M., Kapikian A. Z. Role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1979 May;139(5):564–568. doi: 10.1093/infdis/139.5.564. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Greenberg H. B., Wyatt R. G., Valdesuso J., Kalica A. R., London W. T., Chanock R. M., Kapikian A. Z. Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay for detection of the Norwalk strain of acute nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis virus and its antibodies. J Med Virol. 1978;2(2):97–108. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890020204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Griffin M. R., Surowiec J. J., McCloskey D. I., Capuano B., Pierzynski B., Quinn M., Wojnarski R., Parkin W. E., Greenberg H., Gary G. W. Foodborne Norwalk virus. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Feb;115(2):178–184. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113289. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gunn R. A., Janowski H. T., Lieb S., Prather E. C., Greenberg H. B. Norwalk virus gastroenteritis following raw oyster consumption. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Mar;115(3):348–351. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113311. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gustafson T. L., Kobylik B., Hutcheson R. H., Schaffner W. Protective effect of anticholinergic drugs and psyllium in a nosocomial outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritis. J Hosp Infect. 1983 Dec;4(4):367–374. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(83)90007-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kapikian A. Z., Wyatt R. G., Dolin R., Thornhill T. S., Kalica A. R., Chanock R. M. Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Virol. 1972 Nov;10(5):1075–1081. doi: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.1075-1081.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan J. E., Feldman R., Campbell D. S., Lookabaugh C., Gary G. W. The frequency of a Norwalk-like pattern of illness in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. Am J Public Health. 1982 Dec;72(12):1329–1332. doi: 10.2105/ajph.72.12.1329. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan J. E., Gary G. W., Baron R. C., Singh N., Schonberger L. B., Feldman R., Greenberg H. B. Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 1):756–761. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-756. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaplan J. E., Schonberger L. B., Varano G., Jackman N., Bied J., Gary G. W. An outbreak of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in a nursing home. Demonstration of person-to-person transmission by temporal clustering of cases. Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Dec;116(6):940–948. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113496. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuritsky J. N., Osterholm M. T., Greenberg H. B., Korlath J. A., Godes J. R., Hedberg C. W., Forfang J. C., Kapikian A. Z., McCullough J. C., White K. E. Norwalk gastroenteritis: a community outbreak associated with bakery product consumption. Ann Intern Med. 1984 Apr;100(4):519–521. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-519. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lieb S., Gunn R. A., Medina R., Singh N., May R. D., Janowski H. T., Woodward W. E. Norwalk virus gastroenteritis. An outbreak associated with a cafeteria at a college. Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Feb;121(2):259–268. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113996. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Neil A. E., Richen D., Lundrie P. A waterborne epidemic of acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis in Alberta, Canada. Can J Public Health. 1985 May-Jun;76(3):199–203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oshiro L. S., Haley C. E., Roberto R. R., Riggs J. L., Croughan M., Greenberg H., Kapikian A. A 27-nm virus isolated during an outbreak of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis in a convalescent hospital: a possible new serotype. J Infect Dis. 1981 Jun;143(6):791–795. doi: 10.1093/infdis/143.6.791. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

