Skip to main content
PMC home page
British Journal of Pharmacology logoLink to British Journal of Pharmacology
. 1977 Oct;61(2):199–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb08405.x

The effects of intravenous anaesthetics on the cardiovascular system of the rabbit.

J C McGrath, J E MacKenzie
PMCID: PMC1667514  PMID: 922249

Abstract

1 A pithed rabbit preparation is described that allows selective stimulation of the vertebral outflows. 2 The responses to stimulation of sympathetic vasopressor fibres were blocked by hexamethonium and phentolamine but potentiated by cocaine, whereas the responses to stimulation of cardioaccelerator fibres were blocked by propranolol. 3 Ketamine, althesin and pentobarbitone enhanced the effects of noradrenaline and attenuated the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation. Thiopentone enhanced the effects of both noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation. 4 In pithed rabbits a transient, dose-related cardiovascular depression was produced by each agent irrespective of whether vasomotor tone was present whereas in decerebrate rabbits the corresponding cardiovascular depression was longer lasting. 5 It is concluded that the cardiovascular depression produced by intravenous anaesthetics in intact rabbits is due to a combination of central and peripheral effects.

Full text

PDF
199

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altura B. T., Altura B. M. Barbiturates and aortic and venous smooth-muscle function. Anesthesiology. 1975 Oct;43(4):432–444. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197510000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BURN J. H., HOBBS R. Mechanism of arterial spasm following intra-arterial injection of thiopentone. Lancet. 1959 May 30;1(7083):1112–1115. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(59)90705-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clanachan A. S., McGrath J. C. Effects of ketamine on the peripheral autonomic nervous system of the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1976 Oct;58(2):247–252. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb10402.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Clarke R. S., Montgomery S. J., Dundee J. W., Bovill J. G. Clinical studies of induction agents. XXXIX: CT1341, a new steroid anaesthetic. Br J Anaesth. 1971 Oct;43(10):947–952. doi: 10.1093/bja/43.10.947. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Coleman A. J., Downing J. W., Leary W. P., Moyes D. G., Styles M. The immediate cardiovascular effects of Althesin (Glaxo CT 1341), a steroid induction agent, and thiopentone in man. Anaesthesia. 1972 Oct;27(4):373–378. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1972.tb08241.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DOMINO E. F., CHODOFF P., CORSSEN G. PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECTS OF CI-581, A NEW DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHETIC, IN MAN. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1965 May-Jun;6:279–291. doi: 10.1002/cpt196563279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dowdy E. G., Kaya K. Studies of the mechanism of cardiovascular responses to CI-581. Anesthesiology. 1968 Sep-Oct;29(5):931–943. doi: 10.1097/00000542-196809000-00014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. ETSTEN B., LI T. H. Hemodynamic changes during thiopental anesthesia in humans: cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and intrathoracic blood volume. J Clin Invest. 1955 Mar;34(3):500–510. doi: 10.1172/JCI103099. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. FEGLER G. Measurement of cardiac output in anaesthetized animals by a thermodilution method. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1954;39(3):153–164. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1954.sp001067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. FIELDMAN E. J., RIDLEY R. W., WOOD E. H. Hemodynamic studies during thiopental sodium and nitrous oxide anesthesia in humans. Anesthesiology. 1955 Jul;16(4):473–489. doi: 10.1097/00000542-195507000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gillespie J. S., Maclaren A., Pollock D. A method of stimulating different segments of the autonomic outflow from the spinal column to various organs in the pithed cat and rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1970 Oct;40(2):257–267. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09919.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gillespie J. S., McGrath J. C. The spinal origin of the motor and inhibitory innervation of the rat anococcygeus muscles. J Physiol. 1973 May;230(3):659–672. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gillespie J. S., Muir T. C. A method of stimulating the complete sympathetic outflow from the spinal cord to blood vessels in the pithed rat. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1967 May;30(1):78–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1967.tb02114.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gillespie J. S., Muir T. C. The origin of the decline in the vasopressor response to infused noradrenaline in the pithed rat. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1967 May;30(1):88–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1967.tb02115.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. MCCARTHY D. A., CHEN G., KAUMP D. H., ENSOR C. GENERAL ANESTHETIC AND OTHER PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-(O-CHLOROPHENYL)-2-METHYLAMINO CYCLOHEXANONE HCL (CI-58L). J New Drugs. 1965 Jan-Feb;5(1):21–33. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1965.tb00219.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. MELLANDER S. Comparative studies on the adrenergic neuro-hormonal control of resistance and capacitance blood vessels in the cat. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1960;50(176):1–86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. MUSCHOLL E. Effect of cocaine and related drugs on the uptake of noradrenaline by heart and spleen. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1961 Jun;16:352–359. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1961.tb01095.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. MacKenzie J. E., McGrath J. C., Tétrault J. P., Millar R. A. The effects of althesin and thiopentone on sympathetic and baroreflex activity. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1976 May;23(3):252–262. doi: 10.1007/BF03005701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McGrath J. C., MacKenzie J. E., Millar R. A. Circulatory responses to ketamine: dependence on respiratory pattern and background anaesthesia in the rabbit. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Nov;47(11):1149–1156. doi: 10.1093/bja/47.11.1149. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McGrath J. C., MacKenzie J. E., Millar R. A. Effects of ketamine on central sympathetic discharge and the baroreceptor reflex during mechanical ventilation. Br J Anaesth. 1975 Nov;47(11):1141–1147. doi: 10.1093/bja/47.11.1141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. McGrath J. C., MacKenzie J. E. Proceedings: A pithed rabbit preparation for stimulation of different segments of the autonomic outflow. Br J Pharmacol. 1976 Mar;56(3):395P–396P. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Montel H., Starke K., Görlitz B. D., Schümann H. J. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirkung des Ketamins auf periphere sympathische Nerven. Anaesthesist. 1973 Mar;22(3):111–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Nedergaard O. A. Cocaine-like effect of ketamine on vascular adrenergic neurones. Eur J Pharmacol. 1973 Aug;23(2):153–161. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(73)90051-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. PRICE H. L. General anesthesia and circulatory homeostasis. Physiol Rev. 1960 Apr;40:187–218. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1960.40.2.187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. PRICE M. L., PRICE H. L. Effects of general anesthetics on contractile responses of rabbit aortic strips. Anesthesiology. 1962 Jan-Feb;23:16–20. doi: 10.1097/00000542-196201000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schwartz D. A., Horwitz L. D. Effects of ketamine on left ventricular performance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1975 Aug;194(2):410–414. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Simpson L. L. Blood pressure and heart rate responses evoked by d- and l-amphetamine in the pithed rat preparation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1975 Apr;193(1):149–159. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. WEST G. B. The comparative pharmacology of the suprarenal medulla. Q Rev Biol. 1955 Jun;30(2):116–137. doi: 10.1086/400758. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Pharmacology are provided here courtesy of The British Pharmacological Society

RESOURCES