Abstract
Xanthobacter flavus 14p1 was isolated from sludge of the river Mulde by selective enrichment with 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium did not use other aromatic or chloroaromatic compounds as growth substrates. During growth on 1,4-dichlorobenzene, stoichiometric amounts of chloride ions were released. Degradation products of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. 3,6-Dichloro-cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene and 3,6-dichlorocatechol were isolated from culture fluid. 2,5-Dichloromuconic acid and 2-chloromaleylacetic acid as well as the decarboxylation product 2-chloroacetoacrylic acid were identified after enzymatic conversion of 3,6-dichlorocatechol by cell extract. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene dioxygenase, dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity were induced in cells grown on 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The results demonstrate that 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation is initiated by dioxygenation and that ring opening proceeds via ortho cleavage.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (259.9 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Dorn E., Knackmuss H. J. Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases from a 3-chlorobenzoate-grown pseudomonad. Biochem J. 1978 Jul 15;174(1):73–84. doi: 10.1042/bj1740073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fetzner S., Lingens F. Bacterial dehalogenases: biochemistry, genetics, and biotechnological applications. Microbiol Rev. 1994 Dec;58(4):641–685. doi: 10.1128/mr.58.4.641-685.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fetzner S., Müller R., Lingens F. Purification and some properties of 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase, a two-component enzyme system from Pseudomonas cepacia 2CBS. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;174(1):279–290. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.1.279-290.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gibson D. T., Hensley M., Yoshioka H., Mabry T. J. Formation of (+)-cis-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylcyclohexa-4,6-diene from toluene by Pseudomonas putida. Biochemistry. 1970 Mar 31;9(7):1626–1630. doi: 10.1021/bi00809a023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Groves W. E., Davis F. C., Jr, Sells B. H. Spectrophotometric determination of microgram quantities of protein without nucleic acid interference. Anal Biochem. 1968 Feb;22(2):195–210. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(68)90307-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Haigler B. E., Nishino S. F., Spain J. C. Degradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene by a Pseudomonas sp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Feb;54(2):294–301. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.2.294-301.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reineke W., Knackmuss H. J. Microbial metabolism of haloaromatics: isolation and properties of a chlorobenzene-degrading bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Feb;47(2):395–402. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.2.395-402.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sander P., Wittich R. M., Fortnagel P., Wilkes H., Francke W. Degradation of 1,2,4-trichloro- and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene by pseudomonas strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 May;57(5):1430–1440. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.5.1430-1440.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schraa G., Boone M. L., Jetten M. S., van Neerven A. R., Colberg P. J., Zehnder A. J. Degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene by Alcaligenes sp. strain A175. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Dec;52(6):1374–1381. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.6.1374-1381.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spain J. C., Nishino S. F. Degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene by a Pseudomonas sp. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 May;53(5):1010–1019. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.5.1010-1019.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Bont J. A., Vorage M. J., Hartmans S., van den Tweel W. J. Microbial degradation of 1,3-dichlorobenzene. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):677–680. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.4.677-680.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van der Meer J. R., de Vos W. M., Harayama S., Zehnder A. J. Molecular mechanisms of genetic adaptation to xenobiotic compounds. Microbiol Rev. 1992 Dec;56(4):677–694. doi: 10.1128/mr.56.4.677-694.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]