Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The BMJ logoLink to The BMJ
. 1990 Aug 18;301(6748):373–377. doi: 10.1136/bmj.301.6748.373

The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health 10 years on.

G D Smith 1, M Bartley 1, D Blane 1
PMCID: PMC1679935  PMID: 2205320

Full text

PDF
373

Images in this article

373p373-a
on p.373
374p374-a
on p.374
375p375-a
on p.375
376p376-a
on p.376
376p376-b
on p.376

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aiach P., Curtis S. Social inequalities in self-reported morbidity: interpretation and comparison of data from Britain and France. Soc Sci Med. 1990;31(3):267–274. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90273-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Alfredsson L., Spetz C. L., Theorell T. Type of occupation and near-future hospitalization for myocardial infarction and some other diagnoses. Int J Epidemiol. 1985 Sep;14(3):378–388. doi: 10.1093/ije/14.3.378. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker I. A., Sweetnam P. M., Yarnell J. W., Bainton D., Elwood P. C. Haemostatic and other risk factors for ischaemic heart disease and social class: evidence from the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies. Int J Epidemiol. 1988 Dec;17(4):759–765. doi: 10.1093/ije/17.4.759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barker D. J., Osmond C. Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986 Nov 15;293(6557):1271–1275. doi: 10.1136/bmj.293.6557.1271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Barker D. J., Winter P. D., Osmond C., Margetts B., Simmonds S. J. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1989 Sep 9;2(8663):577–580. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90710-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bloor M., Samphier M., Prior L. Artefact explanations of inequalities in health: an assessment of the evidence. Sociol Health Illn. 1987 Sep;9(3):231–264. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.ep10957568. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bucquet D., Curtis S. Socio-demographic variation in perceived illness and the use of primary care: the value of community survey data for primary care service planning. Soc Sci Med. 1986;23(7):737–744. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90122-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carstairs V., Morris R. Deprivation and mortality: an alternative to social class? Community Med. 1989 Aug;11(3):210–219. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042469. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Carstairs V., Morris R. Deprivation: explaining differences in mortality between Scotland and England and Wales. BMJ. 1989 Oct 7;299(6704):886–889. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6704.886. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Forsdahl A. Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974-75. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978 Mar;32(1):34–37. doi: 10.1136/jech.32.1.34. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fox A. J., Goldblatt P. O., Jones D. R. Social class mortality differentials: artefact, selection or life circumstances? J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985 Mar;39(1):1–8. doi: 10.1136/jech.39.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Graham H. Women's smoking and family health. Soc Sci Med. 1987;25(1):47–56. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(87)90206-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Haan M., Kaplan G. A., Camacho T. Poverty and health. Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Jun;125(6):989–998. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114637. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Himsworth H. Epidemiology, genetics and sociology. J Biosoc Sci. 1984 Apr;16(2):159–176. doi: 10.1017/s0021932000014954. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hunt S. M., McEwen J., McKenna S. P. Social inequalities and perceived health. Eff Health Care. 1985;2(4):151–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Jones I. G., Cameron D. Social class analysis--an embarrassment to epidemiology. Community Med. 1984 Feb;6(1):37–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kagamimori S., Iibuchi Y., Fox J. A comparison of socioeconomic differences in mortality between Japan and England and Wales. World Health Stat Q. 1983;36(2):119–128. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Karasek R., Baker D., Marxer F., Ahlbom A., Theorell T. Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men. Am J Public Health. 1981 Jul;71(7):694–705. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.7.694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lahelma E., Valkonen T. Health and social inequities in Finland and elsewhere. Soc Sci Med. 1990;31(3):257–265. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90272-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leclerc A., Lert F., Goldberg M. Les inégalités sociales devant la mort en Grande-Bretagne et en France. Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(5):479–487. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90043-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lehmann P., Mamboury C., Minder C. E. Health and social inequities in Switzerland. Soc Sci Med. 1990;31(3):369–386. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(90)90284-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lowry S. Housing and health: Temperature and humidity. BMJ. 1989 Nov 25;299(6711):1326–1328. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6711.1326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lynch P., Oelman B. J. Mortality from coronary heart disease in the British army compared with the civil population. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Aug 8;283(6288):405–407. doi: 10.1136/bmj.283.6288.405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Marmot M. G., McDowall M. E. Mortality decline and widening social inequalities. Lancet. 1986 Aug 2;2(8501):274–276. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92085-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Marmot M. G., Rose G., Shipley M., Hamilton P. J. Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1978 Dec;32(4):244–249. doi: 10.1136/jech.32.4.244. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Marmot M. G., Shipley M. J., Rose G. Inequalities in death--specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet. 1984 May 5;1(8384):1003–1006. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92337-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Marmot M., Theorell T. Social class and cardiovascular disease: the contribution of work. Int J Health Serv. 1988;18(4):659–674. doi: 10.2190/KTC1-N5LK-J1PM-9GRQ. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Marples R. R. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Med J Aust. 1989 Jan 16;150(2):58–59. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136362.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Martin C. J., Platt S. D., Hunt S. M. Housing conditions and ill health. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 May 2;294(6580):1125–1127. doi: 10.1136/bmj.294.6580.1125. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. McCarthy P., Byrne D., Harrisson S., Keithley J. Respiratory conditions: effect of housing and other factors. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1985 Mar;39(1):15–19. doi: 10.1136/jech.39.1.15. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Pamuk E. R. Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales. Popul Stud (Camb) 1985 Mar;39(1):17–31. doi: 10.1080/0032472031000141256. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Pearce N. E., Davis P. B., Smith A. H., Foster F. H. Mortality and social class in New Zealand. I: overall male mortality. N Z Med J. 1983 Apr 27;96(730):281–285. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Platt S. D., Martin C. J., Hunt S. M., Lewis C. W. Damp housing, mould growth, and symptomatic health state. BMJ. 1989 Jun 24;298(6689):1673–1678. doi: 10.1136/bmj.298.6689.1673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Pocock S. J., Shaper A. G., Cook D. G., Phillips A. N., Walker M. Social class differences in ischaemic heart disease in British men. Lancet. 1987 Jul 25;2(8552):197–201. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90774-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Powell K. E., Thompson P. D., Caspersen C. J., Kendrick J. S. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Public Health. 1987;8:253–287. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pu.08.050187.001345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Romeder J. M., McWhinnie J. R. Potential years of life lost between ages 1 and 70: an indicator of premature mortality for health planning. Int J Epidemiol. 1977 Jun;6(2):143–151. doi: 10.1093/ije/6.2.143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Salonen J. T. Socioeconomic status and risk of cancer, cerebral stroke, and death due to coronary heart disease and any disease: a longitudinal study in eastern Finland. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1982 Dec;36(4):294–297. doi: 10.1136/jech.36.4.294. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Shaper A. G., Ashby D., Pocock S. J. Blood pressure and hypertension in middle-aged British men. J Hypertens. 1988 May;6(5):367–374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Simpson D. Trends in major risk factors. Cigarette smoking. Postgrad Med J. 1984 Jan;60(699):20–25. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.60.699.20. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Stern J. Social mobility and the interpretation of social class mortality differentials. J Soc Policy. 1983 Jan;12(1):27–49. doi: 10.1017/s0047279400012289. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Vågerö D., Lundberg O. Health inequalities in Britain and Sweden. Lancet. 1989 Jul 1;2(8653):35–36. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90266-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wilkinson R. G. Class mortality differentials, income distribution and trends in poverty 1921-1981. J Soc Policy. 1989 Jul;18(3):307–335. doi: 10.1017/s0047279400017591. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Williams D. R., Bingham S. A. Sodium and potassium intakes in a representative population sample: estimation from 24 h urine collections known to be complete in a Cambridgeshire village. Br J Nutr. 1986 Jan;55(1):13–22. doi: 10.1079/bjn19860005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Williams D. R., Roberts S. J., Davies T. W. Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1979 Sep;33(3):199–202. doi: 10.1136/jech.33.3.199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from BMJ : British Medical Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES