Abstract
Preservation of all donor sera already tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (C.I.E.P.) allowed C.I.E.P., reversed passive haemagglutination (R.P.H.A.), and radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) to be evaluated as screening techniques. Out of 165 811 donors tested for the first time 207 were found by C.I.E.P. to be positive for HBsAf-a prevalence of 0-12%. At the next donation 10 of those apparently negative on first screening were HBsAg positive by C.I.E.P., and nine of these were shown by retesting with R.P.H.A. and R.I.A. to have been positive at the earlier donation. These nine false negatives caused four cases of transfusion-transmitted HBsAg-positive hepatitis. On comparative screening of 22 239 donations C.I.E.P. detected 27 sera positive for HBsAg, R.P.H.A. 39, and R.I.A. 41. Thus R.I.A. increased the detection rate by more than half over C.I.E.P. From these 14 further false-negative donations by C.I.E.P. six cases-one fatal-of HBsAg-positive hepatitis occurred. The number of false positive reactions when using R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. for screening was less than 1%. As many as 700 donations in one day have been tested by R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. R.P.H.A. is faster and less expensive than R.I.A., but R.I.A. is more objective. Either R.P.H.A. or R.I.A. should replace C.I.E.P. as the routine method of screening donor sera for HBsAg.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Arndt-Hanser A., Anantharkrishnan R., Ewe K., Holtermuller K. H., Kohler A., Fiedler H., Maass G., Reinicke V., Dybkjaer E., Rossi G. Letter: Prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis. Lancet. 1974 Aug 10;2(7876):345–345. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91716-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ling C. M., Overby L. R. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus antigen as revealed by direct radioimmune assay with 125 I-antibody. J Immunol. 1972 Oct;109(4):834–841. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maycock W d'A Hepatitis in transfusion services. Br Med Bull. 1972 May;28(2):163–168. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070918. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prince A. M., Brotman B., Grady G. F., Kuhns W. J., Hazzi C., Levine R. W., Millian S. J. Long-incubation post-transfusion hepatitis without serological evidence of exposure to hepatitis-B virus. Lancet. 1974 Aug 3;2(7875):241–246. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91412-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prince A. M., Brotman B., Jass D., Ikram H. Specificity of the direct solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of hepatitis-B antigen. Lancet. 1973 Jun 16;1(7816):1346–1350. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91674-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prince A. M., Jass D. Kinetic studies on the direct solid phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B antigen. Vox Sang. 1974 Mar;26(3):209–221. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02689.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reesink H. W., Duimel W. J., Brummelhuis H. G. Evaluation of a new haemagglutination technique for the demonstration of hepatitis-B antigen. Lancet. 1973 Dec 15;2(7842):1351–1353. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)93322-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wallace J. Australia antigen in blood donors. Lancet. 1973 May 5;1(7810):1002–1003. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)91647-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wallace J., Milne G. R., Barr A. Total screening of blood donations for Australia (hepatitis associated) antigen and its antibody. Br Med J. 1972 Mar 11;1(5801):663–664. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.5801.663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]