Skip to main content
American Journal of Human Genetics logoLink to American Journal of Human Genetics
. 1984 Jul;36(4):777–782.

The cell surface antigen locus, MIC2X, escapes X-inactivation.

P Goodfellow, B Pym, T Mohandas, L J Shapiro
PMCID: PMC1684497  PMID: 6540985

Abstract

Recently, it was shown that the cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 12E7 is expressed by both the human X and Y chromosomes; the gene loci on the X and Y chromosomes are referred to as MIC2X and MIC2Y, respectively. It was also shown that MIC2X is located in the region Xp22.3----Xpter and MIC2Y is in the region Ypter-Yq1.1. Here, we show that MIC2X escapes X-inactivation on structurally normal and abnormal inactive human X chromosomes.

Full text

PDF
777

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bishop C. E., Guellaen G., Geldwerth D., Voss R., Fellous M., Weissenbach J. Single-copy DNA sequences specific for the human Y chromosome. Nature. 1983 Jun 30;303(5920):831–832. doi: 10.1038/303831a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Burgoyne P. S. Genetic homology and crossing over in the X and Y chromosomes of Mammals. Hum Genet. 1982;61(2):85–90. doi: 10.1007/BF00274192. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cattanach B. M., Evans E. P., Burtenshaw M. D., Barlow J. Male, female and intersex development in mice of identical chromosome constitution. Nature. 1982 Dec 2;300(5891):445–446. doi: 10.1038/300445a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chance P. F., Gartler S. M. Evidence for a dosage effect at the X-linked steroid sulfatase locus in human tissues. Am J Hum Genet. 1983 Mar;35(2):234–240. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Daiger S. P., Wildin R. S., Su T. S. Sequences on the human Y chromosome homologous to the autosomal gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Nature. 1982 Aug 12;298(5875):682–684. doi: 10.1038/298682a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Epstein E. H., Jr, Leventhal M. E. Steroid sulfatase of human leukocytes and epidermis and the diagnosis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. J Clin Invest. 1981 May;67(5):1257–1262. doi: 10.1172/JCI110153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. FERGUSON-SMITH M. A. KARYOTYPE-PHENOTYPE CORRELATIONS IN GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND THEIR BEARING ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF MALFORMATIONS. J Med Genet. 1965 Jun;2(2):142–155. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2.2.142. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goodfellow P. N., Tippett P. A human quantitative polymorphism related to Xg blood groups. Nature. 1981 Jan 29;289(5796):404–405. doi: 10.1038/289404a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodfellow P., Banting G., Levy R., Povey S., McMichael A. A human X-linked antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody. Somatic Cell Genet. 1980 Nov;6(6):777–787. doi: 10.1007/BF01538976. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goodfellow P., Banting G., Sheer D., Ropers H. H., Caine A., Ferguson-Smith M. A., Povey S., Voss R. Genetic evidence that a Y-linked gene in man is homologous to a gene on the X chromosome. Nature. 1983 Mar 24;302(5906):346–349. doi: 10.1038/302346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Köhler G., Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975 Aug 7;256(5517):495–497. doi: 10.1038/256495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Levy R., Dilley J., Fox R. I., Warnke R. A human thymus-leukemia antigen defined by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6552–6556. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6552. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McLaren A., Monk M. Fertile females produced by inactivation of an X chromosome of "sex-reversed' mice. Nature. 1982 Dec 2;300(5891):446–448. doi: 10.1038/300446a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Migeon B. R., Shapiro L. J., Norum R. A., Mohandas T., Axelman J., Dabora R. L. Differential expression of steroid sulphatase locus on active and inactive human X chromosome. Nature. 1982 Oct 28;299(5886):838–840. doi: 10.1038/299838a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mohandas T., Shapiro L. J., Sparkes R. S., Sparkes M. C. Regional assignment of the steroid sulfatase-X-linked ichthyosis locus: implications for a noninactivated region on the short arm of human X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5779–5783. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.11.5779. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mohandas T., Sparkes R. S., Hellkuhl B., Grzeschik K. H., Shapiro L. J. Expression of an X-linked gene from an inactive human X chromosome in mouse-human hybrid cells: further evidence for the noninactivation of the steroid sulfatase locus in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6759–6763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Müller C. R., Migl B., Traupe H., Ropers H. H. X-linked steroid sulfatase: evidence for different gene-dosage in males and females. Hum Genet. 1980;54(2):197–199. doi: 10.1007/BF00278971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Page D., de Martinville B., Barker D., Wyman A., White R., Francke U., Botstein D. Single-copy sequence hybridizes to polymorphic and homologous loci on human X and Y chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Sep;79(17):5352–5356. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.17.5352. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Pearson P. L., Bobrow M. Definitive evidence for the short arm of the Y chromosome associating with the X chromosome during miosis in the human male. Nature. 1970 Jun 6;226(5249):959–961. doi: 10.1038/226959a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pearson P. L., Witterland W. F., Meera Khan P., de Witt J., Bobrow M. Reinvestigation of two X/autosome translocations:segregation in cell hybrids. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1978;22(1-6):534–537. doi: 10.1159/000131018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Polani P. E., Angell R., Giannelli F., De la Chapelle A., Race R. R., Sanger R. Evidence that the Xg locus is inactivated in structurally abnormal X chromosomes. Nature. 1970 Aug 8;227(5258):613–616. doi: 10.1038/227613a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ropers H. H., Migl B., Zimmer J., Fraccaro M., Maraschio P. P., Westerveld A. Activity of steroid sulfatase in fibroblasts with numerical and structural X chromosome aberrations. Hum Genet. 1981;57(4):354–356. doi: 10.1007/BF00281683. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sanger R., Tippett P., Gavin J., Teesdale P., Daniels G. L. Xg groups and sex chromosome abnormalities in people of northern European ancestry: an addendum. J Med Genet. 1977 Jun;14(3):210–211. doi: 10.1136/jmg.14.3.210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Shapiro L. J., Mohandas T., Weiss R., Romeo G. Non-inactivation of an x-chromosome locus in man. Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1224–1226. doi: 10.1126/science.156396. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Singh L., Jones K. W. Sex reversal in the mouse (Mus musculus) is caused by a recurrent nonreciprocal crossover involving the x and an aberrant y chromosome. Cell. 1982 Feb;28(2):205–216. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90338-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Tiepolo L., Zuffardi O., Fraccaro M., di Natale D., Gargantini L., Müller C. R., Ropers H. H. Assignment by deletion mapping of the steroid sulfatase X-linked ichthyosis locus to Xp223. Hum Genet. 1980;54(2):205–206. doi: 10.1007/BF00278973. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Venolia L., Gartler S. M., Wassman E. R., Yen P., Mohandas T., Shapiro L. J. Transformation with DNA from 5-azacytidine-reactivated X chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(7):2352–2354. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.7.2352. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Human Genetics are provided here courtesy of American Society of Human Genetics

RESOURCES