Skip to main content
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences logoLink to Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1137–1140. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1487

What have we learnt from SARS?

Robin A Weiss 1, Angela R McLean 1
PMCID: PMC1693391  PMID: 15306402

Abstract

With outbreaks of infectious disease emerging from animal sources, we have learnt to expect the unexpected. We were, and are, expecting a new influenza A pandemic, but no one predicted the emergence of an unknown coronavirus (CoV) as a deadly human pathogen. Thanks to the preparedness of the international network of influenza researchers and laboratories, the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was rapidly identified, but there is no complacency over the global or local management of the epidemic in terms of public health logistics. The human population was lucky that only a small proportion of infected persons proved to be highly infectious to others, and that they did not become so before they felt ill. These were the features that helped to make the outbreak containable. The next outbreak of another kind of transmissible disease may well be quite different.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (71.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson Roy M., Fraser Christophe, Ghani Azra C., Donnelly Christl A., Riley Steven, Ferguson Neil M., Leung Gabriel M., Lam T. H., Hedley Anthony J. Epidemiology, transmission dynamics and control of SARS: the 2002-2003 epidemic. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1091–1105. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bell Diana, Roberton Scott, Hunter Paul R. Animal origins of SARS coronavirus: possible links with the international trade in small carnivores. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1107–1114. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1492. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bermingham A., Heinen P., Iturriza-Gómara M., Gray J., Appleton H., Zambon M. C. Laboratory diagnosis of SARS. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1083–1089. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bush Robin M. Influenza as a model system for studying the cross-species transfer and evolution of the SARS coronavirus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1067–1073. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1481. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ferguson N. M., Donnelly C. A., Woolhouse M. E., Anderson R. M. Estimation of the basic reproduction number of BSE: the intensity of transmission in British cattle. Proc Biol Sci. 1999 Jan 7;266(1414):23–32. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1999.0599. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hale P., Makgoba M. W., Merson M. H., Quinn T. C., Richman D. D., Vella S., Wabwire-Mangen F., Wain-Hobson S., Weiss R. A. Mission now possible for AIDS fund. Nature. 2001 Jul 19;412(6844):271–272. doi: 10.1038/35085650. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Harper David R. Preparedness for SARS in the UK in 2003. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1131–1132. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1485. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Heymann David L. The international response to the outbreak of SARS in 2003. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1127–1129. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Holmes Edward C., Rambaut Andrew. Viral evolution and the emergence of SARS coronavirus. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1059–1065. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1478. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lingappa Jairam R., McDonald L. Clifford, Simone Patricia, Parashar Umesh D. Wrestling SARS from uncertainty. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Feb;10(2):167–170. doi: 10.3201/eid1002.031032. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Maunder Robert. The experience of the 2003 SARS outbreak as a traumatic stress among frontline healthcare workers in Toronto: lessons learned. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1117–1125. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1483. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. McMichael A. J. Environmental and social influences on emerging infectious diseases: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1049–1058. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1480. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. O'Neill Onora. Informed consent and public health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1133–1136. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1486. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Fouchier R. A. M., Kuiken T. The aetiology of SARS: Koch's postulates fulfilled. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1081–1082. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1489. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Peiris J. S. M., Guan Y. Confronting SARS: a view from Hong Kong. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1075–1079. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Weiss R. A. The Leeuwenhoek Lecture 2001. Animal origins of human infectious disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001 Jun 29;356(1410):957–977. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2001.0838. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Zheng Bo Jian, Wong Ka Hing, Zhou Jie, Wong Kin Ling, Young Betty Wan Y., Lu Li Wei, Lee Shui Shan. SARS-related virus predating SARS outbreak, Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Feb;10(2):176–178. doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030533. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Zhong Nanshan. Management and prevention of SARS in China. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2004 Jul 29;359(1447):1115–1116. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences are provided here courtesy of The Royal Society

RESOURCES