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. 1992 Jan;82(1):91–93. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.1.91

Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and congenital defects.

A D McDonald 1, B G Armstrong 1, M Sloan 1
PMCID: PMC1694410  PMID: 1536342

Abstract

We analyzed data from a survey of occupational and other factors and pregnancy outcome to assess the effects of cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption. There was no evidence of an association between any congenital defect and smoking. Results for alcohol and coffee consumption were largely negative, but there was a weak association with musculoskeletal defects in babies born to women who drank one or more alcoholic drinks a day.

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Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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