Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1977 Mar;33(3):577–584. doi: 10.1128/aem.33.3.577-584.1977

Lipid Accumulation in an Oleaginous Yeast (Candida 107) Growing on Glucose Under Various Conditions in a One- and Two-Stage Continuous Culture

Michael J Hall 1, Colin Ratledge 1
PMCID: PMC170728  PMID: 16345210

Abstract

Lipid accumulation and fatty acid composition in Candida 107 have been studied using a two-stage continuous culture system in which the first vessel was run under carbon-limited conditions and then the entire output was passed into a second vessel, where lipid accumulation was stimulated by adding only glucose. Maximum lipid accumulation (28% of yeast [dry weight]) occurred for a volume ratio of vessel 1 to vessel 2 of 3:5, with 30 g of glucose per liter being added to vessel 2 operated at 25°C with an aeration rate of between 0.1 and 1.0 volume of air/volume of medium per min. Although the maximum specific rate of lipid formation (0.05 g of lipid/g of yeast per h) was higher than in a nitrogen-limited, single-stage system, the efficiency of lipid formation was much less and never exceeded 14 g of lipid produced per 100 g of glucose consumed. The fatty acid composition was not significantly altered in either the two-stage or single-stage culture (nitrogen-limited) systems by changes in growth temperature (from 19 to 33°C) or aeration rates (0.05 to 1.0 volume of air/volume of medium per min); or, in the two-stage system, by changes in the residence time of the yeast in the second vessel (from 3.2 to 24.4 h), or, in the single-stage system, by changes in pH (from 3.5 to 7.5). Only when the concentration of glucose entering vessel 2 of the two-stage system was less than 30 g/liter did significant changes in the fatty acids occur. Thus, although a two-stage continuous culture system allows lipid accumulation to be separated from the growth phase, it offers no practical advantages over a single-stage system as a means of producing microbial oils and fats.

Full text

PDF
577

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Babij T., Moss F. J., Ralph B. J. Effects of oxygen and glucose levels on lipid composition of yeast Candida utilis grown in continuous culture. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1969 Jul;11(4):593–603. doi: 10.1002/bit.260110407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown C. M., Johnson B. Influence of oxygen tension on the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in continuous culture. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1971;37(4):477–487. doi: 10.1007/BF02218518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown C. M., Rose A. H. Fatty-acid composition of Candida utilis as affected by growth temperature and dissolved-oxygen tension. J Bacteriol. 1969 Aug;99(2):371–378. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.2.371-378.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cocucci M. C., Belloni G., Gianani L. Oxygen pressure, fatty acid composition and ergosterol level in Rhodotorula gracilis. Arch Microbiol. 1975 Sep 30;105(1):17–20. doi: 10.1007/BF00447106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Einsele A., Fiechter A., Knöpfel H. P. Respiratory activity of Candida tropicalis during growth on hexadecane and on glucose. Arch Mikrobiol. 1972;82(3):247–253. doi: 10.1007/BF00412196. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Enebo L., Iwamoto H. Effects of cultivation temperature on fatty acid composition in Rhodotorula gracilis. Acta Chem Scand. 1966;20(2):439–443. doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.20-0439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gill C. O., Hall M. J., Ratledge C. Lipid accumulation in an oleaginous yeast (Candida 107) growing on glucose in single-stage continuous culture. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Feb;33(2):231–239. doi: 10.1128/aem.33.2.231-239.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Johnson B., Nelson S. J., Brown C. M. Influence of glucose concentration on the physiology and lipid composition of some yeasts. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1972;38(2):129–136. doi: 10.1007/BF02328084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. KATES M., BAXTER R. M. Lipid composition of mesophilic and psychrophilic yeasts (Candida species) as influenced by environmental temperature. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1962 Sep;40:1213–1227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kessell R. H. Fatty acids of Rhodotorula gracilis: fat production in submerged culture and the particular effect of pH value. J Appl Bacteriol. 1968 Jun;31(2):220–231. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1968.tb00361.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Klein H. P., Volkmann C. M. Factors affecting the palmitoyl-coenzyme A desaturase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1975 Nov;124(2):718–723. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.2.718-723.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nurminen T., Konttinen K., Suomalainen H. Neutral lipids in the cells and cell envelope fractions of aerobic baker's yeast and anaerobic brewer's yeast. Chem Phys Lipids. 1975 Feb;14(1):15–32. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(75)90012-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Rattray J. B., Schibeci A., Kidby D. K. Lipids of yeasts. Bacteriol Rev. 1975 Sep;39(3):197–231. doi: 10.1128/br.39.3.197-231.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rogers P. J., Stewart P. R. Energetic efficiency and maintenance. Energy characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wild type and petite) and Candida parapsilosis grown aerobically and micro-aerobically in continuous culture. Arch Microbiol. 1974;99(1):25–46. doi: 10.1007/BF00696220. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Zalashko M. V., Andreevskaia V. D., Obraztsova N. V. Vliianie temperatury kul'tivirovaniia na zhirnokislotnyi sostav lipidov drozhzhei, vyrazhchivaemykh na gidrolizatakh torfa. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 1972 Nov-Dec;8(6):891–895. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES