Skip to main content
PMC home page
Archives of Disease in Childhood logoLink to Archives of Disease in Childhood
. 2003 Aug;88(8):712–714. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.8.712

Invasive pneumococcal disease in Oxford, 1985–2001: a retrospective case series

C Grant 1, A Harnden 1, G Jewell 1, K Knox 1, T Peto 1, D Crook 1
PMCID: PMC1719584  PMID: 12876171

Abstract

Aims: To describe a series of children with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Methods: A review of patient records for children aged 0–18 years admitted to the John Radcliffe Hospital with IPD from 1985 to 2001. Social deprivation was measured by the Jarman index. The proportion of children with congenital abnormalities was compared with national data.

Results: We identified 140 children with IPD; complete data were available for 136 children. The median age at diagnosis was 1.5 years. The social deprivation score of households of children with IPD was higher than that of the average Oxfordshire household (-2.5 v -7.3, p < 0.001). Forty four per cent of cases had at least one preceding health problem. The children with preceding health problems were significantly older than those with no preceding problems (median age 2.67 years, interquartile range 1.21 to 6.20 versus 1.11 years, interquartile range 0.51 to 2.21; p < 0.001). There was an increased risk of IPD for children with central nervous system malformations (OR = 99, 95% CI 31 to 236), congenital heart disease (OR = 62, 95% CI 24 to 131), and chromosomal abnormalities (OR = 32, 95% CI 6.6 to 96).

Conclusions: There is an increased risk of IPD associated with increased social deprivation; and also with central nervous system malformations, congenital heart disease, and chromosomal abnormalities.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (86.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Burman L. A., Norrby R., Trollfors B. Invasive pneumococcal infections: incidence, predisposing factors, and prognosis. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Mar-Apr;7(2):133–142. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.2.133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Choi E. H., Lee H. J. Clinical outcome of invasive infections by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korean children. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;26(6):1346–1354. doi: 10.1086/516340. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Jarman B. Underprivileged areas: validation and distribution of scores. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 Dec 8;289(6458):1587–1592. doi: 10.1136/bmj.289.6458.1587. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Jones I. R., Urwin G., Feldman R. A., Banatvala N. Social deprivation and bacterial meningitis in north east Thames region: three year study using small area statistics. BMJ. 1997 Mar 15;314(7083):794–795. doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7083.794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kaplan Sheldon L., Mason Edward O., Jr, Wald EllenR, Tan Tina Q., Schutze Gordon E., Bradley John S., Givner Laurence B., Kim Kwang Sik, Yogev Ram, Barson William J. Six year multicenter surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002 Feb;21(2):141–147. doi: 10.1097/00006454-200202000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Levine M. M., Lagos R., Levine O. S., Heitmann I., Enriquez N., Pinto M. E., Alvarez A. M., Wu E., Mayorga C., Reyes A. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal infections in infants and young children in Metropolitan Santiago, Chile, a newly industrializing country. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998 Apr;17(4):287–293. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199804000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Newton V. E. Aetiology of bilateral sensori-neural hearing loss in young children. J Laryngol Otol Suppl. 1985;10:1–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Overturf G. D. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Technical report: prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines and antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics. 2000 Aug;106(2 Pt 1):367–376. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.2.367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Roy Suchismita, Knox Kyle, Segal Shelley, Griffiths David, Moore Catrin E., Welsh Kenneth I., Smarason Alex, Day Nicholas P., McPheat William L., Crook Derrick W. MBL genotype and risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: a case-control study. Lancet. 2002 May 4;359(9317):1569–1573. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08516-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Sleeman K., Knox K., George R., Miller E., Waight P., Griffiths D., Efstratiou A., Broughton K., Mayon-White R. T., Moxon E. R. Invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales: vaccination implications. J Infect Dis. 2000 Dec 21;183(2):239–246. doi: 10.1086/317924. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Summerfield J. A., Sumiya M., Levin M., Turner M. W. Association of mutations in mannose binding protein gene with childhood infection in consecutive hospital series. BMJ. 1997 Apr 26;314(7089):1229–1232. doi: 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Takala A. K., Jero J., Kela E., Rönnberg P. R., Koskenniemi E., Eskola J. Risk factors for primary invasive pneumococcal disease among children in Finland. JAMA. 1995 Mar 15;273(11):859–864. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Taylor I. G., Hine W. D., Brasier V. J., Chiveralls K., Morris T. A study of the causes of hearing loss in a population of deaf children with special reference to genetic factors. J Laryngol Otol. 1975 Sep;89(9):899–914. doi: 10.1017/s0022215100081184. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Torzillo P. J., Hanna J. N., Morey F., Gratten M., Dixon J., Erlich J. Invasive pneumococcal disease in central Australia. Med J Aust. 1995 Feb 20;162(4):182–186. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb126016a.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Voss L., Lennon D., Okesene-Gafa K., Ameratunga S., Martin D. Invasive pneumococcal disease in a pediatric population, Auckland, New Zealand. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994 Oct;13(10):873–878. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199410000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Yee A. M., Phan H. M., Zuniga R., Salmon J. E., Musher D. M. Association between FcgammaRIIa-R131 allotype and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;30(1):25–28. doi: 10.1086/313588. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Zangwill K. M., Vadheim C. M., Vannier A. M., Hemenway L. S., Greenberg D. P., Ward J. I. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in southern California: implications for the design and conduct of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine efficacy trial. J Infect Dis. 1996 Oct;174(4):752–759. doi: 10.1093/infdis/174.4.752. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Disease in Childhood are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES