Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition logoLink to Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
. 1999 Nov;81(3):F217–F220. doi: 10.1136/fn.81.3.f217

Concentration of nitric oxide products in bronchoalveolar fluid obtained from infants who develop chronic lung disease of prematurity

J Vyas, A Currie, D Shuker, D Field, S Kotecha
PMCID: PMC1721017  PMID: 10525028

Abstract

AIMS—To determine if nitric oxide (NO) products (nitrate and nitrite) are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid obtained from infants who develop chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD).
METHODS—One hundred and thirty six serial bronchoalveolar lavages were performed on 37 ventilated infants (12 with CLD, 18 with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and seven control infants) who did not receive inhaled NO.
RESULTS—During the first week of life nitrate concentration was between 25-31 µmol/l in all three groups. Thereafter, the concentration of BAL fluid nitrate decreased to 14 µmol/l and 5.5 µmol/l, respectively in the RDS and control groups by 14 days of age. In contrast, nitrate in the CLD infants remained constant until 28 days of age (31.3 µmol/l at day 14; p<0.05). In all BAL fluid samples the mean concentration of nitrite was <1.2 µmol/l throughout the first 28 days with no significant differences noted among the three groups.
CONCLUSION—The similar concentration of BAL fluid nitrate in all groups during the first week of life suggest that NO may be important in the adaptation of the pulmonary circulation after birth. However, persistence of nitrate in the BAL fluid of infants with CLD during the second week may reflect pulmonary maladaptation, or, more likely, persisting pulmonary inflammation.



Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (88.6 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abman S. H., Chatfield B. A., Hall S. L., McMurtry I. F. Role of endothelium-derived relaxing factor during transition of pulmonary circulation at birth. Am J Physiol. 1990 Dec;259(6 Pt 2):H1921–H1927. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.6.H1921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arkovitz M. S., Szabó C., Garcia V. F., Wong H. R., Wispé J. R. Differential effects of hyperoxia on the inducible and constitutive isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the lung. Shock. 1997 May;7(5):345–350. doi: 10.1097/00024382-199705000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bancalari E., Abdenour G. E., Feller R., Gannon J. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical presentation. J Pediatr. 1979 Nov;95(5 Pt 2):819–823. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80442-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barnes P. J., Liew F. Y. Nitric oxide and asthmatic inflammation. Immunol Today. 1995 Mar;16(3):128–130. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80128-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Barnes P. J. NO or no NO in asthma? Thorax. 1996 Feb;51(2):218–220. doi: 10.1136/thx.51.2.218. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beckman J. S., Koppenol W. H. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996 Nov;271(5 Pt 1):C1424–C1437. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.5.C1424. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Borland C. Endothelium in control. Br Heart J. 1991 Nov;66(5):405–405. doi: 10.1136/hrt.66.5.405-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carraway M. S., Piantadosi C. A., Jenkinson C. P., Huang Y. C. Differential expression of arginase and iNOS in the lung in sepsis. Exp Lung Res. 1998 May-Jun;24(3):253–268. doi: 10.3109/01902149809041533. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dalgleish A. G., Thomson B. J., Chanh T. C., Malkovsky M., Kennedy R. C. Neutralisation of HIV isolates by anti-idiotypic antibodies which mimic the T4 (CD4) epitope: a potential AIDS vaccine. Lancet. 1987 Nov 7;2(8567):1047–1050. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91477-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gaston B., Drazen J. M., Loscalzo J., Stamler J. S. The biology of nitrogen oxides in the airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Feb;149(2 Pt 1):538–551. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gaston B., Drazen J. M., Loscalzo J., Stamler J. S. The biology of nitrogen oxides in the airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994 Feb;149(2 Pt 1):538–551. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.149.2.7508323. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Grasemann H., Ioannidis I., de Groot H., Ratjen F. Metabolites of nitric oxide in the lower respiratory tract of children. Eur J Pediatr. 1997 Jul;156(7):575–578. doi: 10.1007/s004310050667. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Grigg J., Arnon S., Silverman M. Fractional processing of sequential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from intubated babies. Eur Respir J. 1992 Jun;5(6):727–732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Haddad I. Y., Pataki G., Hu P., Galliani C., Beckman J. S., Matalon S. Quantitation of nitrotyrosine levels in lung sections of patients and animals with acute lung injury. J Clin Invest. 1994 Dec;94(6):2407–2413. doi: 10.1172/JCI117607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hallman M., Bry K., Turbow R., Waffarn F., Lappalainen U. Pulmonary toxicity associated with nitric oxide in term infants with severe respiratory failure. J Pediatr. 1998 May;132(5):827–829. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70312-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Ignarro L. J., Buga G. M., Wood K. S., Byrns R. E., Chaudhuri G. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9265–9269. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9265. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Iha S., Orita K., Kanno T., Utsumi T., Sato E. F., Inoue M., Utsumi K. Oxygen-dependent inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst by nitric oxide. Free Radic Res. 1996 Dec;25(6):489–498. doi: 10.3109/10715769609149071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jackson J. C., Chi E. Y., Wilson C. B., Truog W. E., Teh E. C., Hodson W. A. Sequence of inflammatory cell migration into lung during recovery from hyaline membrane disease in premature newborn monkeys. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Apr;135(4):937–940. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1987.135.4.937. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kaur H., Halliwell B. Evidence for nitric oxide-mediated oxidative damage in chronic inflammation. Nitrotyrosine in serum and synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients. FEBS Lett. 1994 Aug 15;350(1):9–12. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00722-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kharitonov S. A., Yates D., Robbins R. A., Logan-Sinclair R., Shinebourne E. A., Barnes P. J. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Lancet. 1994 Jan 15;343(8890):133–135. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90931-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kinsella J. P., Parker T. A., Galan H., Sheridan B. C., Halbower A. C., Abman S. H. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary edema and lung neutrophil accumulation in severe experimental hyaline membrane disease. Pediatr Res. 1997 Apr;41(4 Pt 1):457–463. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199704000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kotecha S., Chan B., Azam N., Silverman M., Shaw R. J. Increase in interleukin-8 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from premature infants who develop chronic lung disease. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1995 Mar;72(2):F90–F96. doi: 10.1136/fn.72.2.f90. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kotecha S., Wangoo A., Silverman M., Shaw R. J. Increase in the concentration of transforming growth factor beta-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid before development of chronic lung disease of prematurity. J Pediatr. 1996 Apr;128(4):464–469. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(96)70355-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Kotecha S., Wilson L., Wangoo A., Silverman M., Shaw R. J. Increase in interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity. Pediatr Res. 1996 Aug;40(2):250–256. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199608000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Misko T. P., Schilling R. J., Salvemini D., Moore W. M., Currie M. G. A fluorometric assay for the measurement of nitrite in biological samples. Anal Biochem. 1993 Oct;214(1):11–16. doi: 10.1006/abio.1993.1449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Moncada S., Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 30;329(27):2002–2012. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199312303292706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Moriel P., Abdalla D. S. Nitrotyrosine bound to beta-VLDL-apoproteins: a biomarker of peroxynitrite formation in experimental atherosclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Mar 17;232(2):332–335. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nathan C. Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells. FASEB J. 1992 Sep;6(12):3051–3064. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Nelson B. V., Sears S., Woods J., Ling C. Y., Hunt J., Clapper L. M., Gaston B. Expired nitric oxide as a marker for childhood asthma. J Pediatr. 1997 Mar;130(3):423–427. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70204-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Niu X. F., Ibbotson G., Kubes P. A balance between nitric oxide and oxidants regulates mast cell-dependent neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions. Circ Res. 1996 Nov;79(5):992–999. doi: 10.1161/01.res.79.5.992. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Ogden B. E., Murphy S. A., Saunders G. C., Pathak D., Johnson J. D. Neonatal lung neutrophils and elastase/proteinase inhibitor imbalance. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984 Nov;130(5):817–821. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1984.130.5.817. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Palmer R. M., Ferrige A. G., Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature. 1987 Jun 11;327(6122):524–526. doi: 10.1038/327524a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Snyder S. H. Nitric oxide: first in a new class of neurotransmitters. Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):494–496. doi: 10.1126/science.1353273. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Stamler J. S., Singel D. J., Loscalzo J. Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms. Science. 1992 Dec 18;258(5090):1898–1902. doi: 10.1126/science.1281928. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Watterberg K. L., Carmichael D. F., Gerdes J. S., Werner S., Backstrom C., Murphy S. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and lung inflammation in developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Pediatr. 1994 Aug;125(2):264–269. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70209-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wong H. R., Carcillo J. A., Burckart G., Kaplan S. S. Nitric oxide production in critically ill patients. Arch Dis Child. 1996 Jun;74(6):482–489. doi: 10.1136/adc.74.6.482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Yu S. M., Hung L. M., Lin C. C. cGMP-elevating agents suppress proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the activation of epidermal growth factor signaling pathway. Circulation. 1997 Mar 4;95(5):1269–1277. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.95.5.1269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Zellers T. M., Vanhoutte P. M. Endothelium-dependent relaxations of piglet pulmonary arteries augment with maturation. Pediatr Res. 1991 Aug;30(2):176–180. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199108000-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. deLemos R. A., Coalson J. J. The contribution of experimental models to our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol. 1992 Sep;19(3):521–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES