Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (81.5 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- APT L., CULLEN B. F. NEWBORNS DO SECRETE TEARS. JAMA. 1964 Sep 21;189:951–953. doi: 10.1001/jama.1964.03070120073024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Abdel-Khalek L. M., Williamson J., Lee W. R. Morphological changes in the human conjunctival epithelium. I. In the normal elderly population. Br J Ophthalmol. 1978 Nov;62(11):792–799. doi: 10.1136/bjo.62.11.792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Allansmith M. R., Kajiyama G., Abelson M. B., Simon M. A. Plasma cell content of main and accessory lacrimal glands and conjunctiva. Am J Ophthalmol. 1976 Dec;82(6):819–826. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(76)90056-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ballow M., Mendelson L., Donshik P., Rooklin A., Rapacz P. Pollen-specific IgG antibodies in the tears of patients with allergic-like conjunctivitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984 Mar;73(3):376–380. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(84)90411-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baum J. A relatively dry eye during sleep. Cornea. 1990 Jan;9(1):1–1. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199001000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blodi F. C. Eye problems of the elderly. Ophthalmologica. 1980;181(3-4):121–128. doi: 10.1159/000309039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bonavida B., Sapse A. T. Human tear lysozyme. II. Quantitative determination with standard Schirmer strips. Am J Ophthalmol. 1968 Jul;66(1):70–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carreras y Matas M. Mogadón, aspirina y secreción lagrimal. Rev Esp Otoneurooftalmol Neurocir. 1973 Jul-Aug;31(182):245–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chandler J. W., Gillette T. E. Immunologic defense mechanisms of the ocular surface. Ophthalmology. 1983 Jun;90(6):585–591. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(83)34510-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chang S. W., Hu F. R. Changes in corneal autofluorescence and corneal epithelial barrier function with aging. Cornea. 1993 Nov;12(6):493–499. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199311000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Craig J. P., Tomlinson A. Effect of age on tear osmolality. Optom Vis Sci. 1995 Oct;72(10):713–717. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199510000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crandall D. C., Leopold I. H. The influence of systemic drugs on tear constituents. Ophthalmology. 1979 Jan;86(1):115–125. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35541-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farris R. L., Stuchell R. N., Mandel I. D. Basal and reflex human tear analysis. I. Physical measurements: osmolarity, basal volumes, and reflex flow rate. Ophthalmology. 1981 Aug;88(8):852–857. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(81)34939-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furukawa R. E., Polse K. A. Changes in tear flow accompanying aging. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1978 Feb;55(2):69–74. doi: 10.1097/00006324-197802000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gawdat I. Estimation of the amount of tears present in the conjunctival cul-de-sac of normal non trachomatous Egyptian eyes using a modified Schirmer's test. Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt. 1975;68:611–616. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gilbard J. P., Farris R. L., Santamaria J., 2nd Osmolarity of tear microvolumes in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Apr;96(4):677–681. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1978.03910050373015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gwynn D. R., Stewart W. C., Hennis H. L., McMillan T. A., Pitts R. A. The influence of age upon inflammatory cell counts and structure of conjunctiva in chronic open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1993 Oct;71(5):691–695. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1993.tb04663.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HENDERSON J. W., PROUGH W. A. Influence of age and sex on flow of tears. Arch Ophthal. 1950 Feb;43(2):224–231. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1950.00910010231004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hagele J. E., Guzek J. P., Shavlik G. W. Lacrimal testing. Age as a factor in Jones testing. Ophthalmology. 1994 Mar;101(3):612–617. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hamano T., Mitsunaga S., Kotani S., Hamano T., Hamano K., Hamano H., Sakamoto R., Tamura H. Tear volume in relation to contact lens wear and age. CLAO J. 1990 Jan-Mar;16(1):57–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirase K., Shimizu A., Yokoi N., Nishida K., Kinoshita S. [Age-related alteration of tear dynamics in normal volunteers]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1994 Jun;98(6):575–578. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hornblass A., Ingis T. M. Lacrimal function tests. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979 Sep;97(9):1654–1655. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1979.01020020222007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horwitz B. L., Christensen G. R., Ritzmann S. R. Diurnal profiles of tear lysozyme and gamma A globulin. Ann Ophthalmol. 1978 Jan;10(1):75–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jakobiec F. A., Lefkowitch J., Knowles D. M., 2nd B- and T-lymphocytes in ocular disease. Ophthalmology. 1984 Jun;91(6):635–654. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34256-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jordan A., Baum J. Basic tear flow. Does it exist? Ophthalmology. 1980 Sep;87(9):920–930. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(80)35143-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koetting R. A., Andrews C. E. The relationship of age, keratometry, and miscellaneous physiological factors in hydrogel lens wear. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1979 Oct;56(10):642–646. doi: 10.1097/00006324-197910000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kuppens E. V., Stolwijk T. R., de Keizer R. J., van Best J. A. Basal tear turnover and topical timolol in glaucoma patients and healthy controls by fluorophotometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Nov;33(12):3442–3448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lemp M. A., Hamill J. R., Jr Factors affecting tear film breakup in normal eyes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973 Feb;89(2):103–105. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040105007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lundh R. L., Liotet S., Pouliquen Y. Study of the human blood-tear barrier and the biochemical changes in the tears of 30 contact lens wearers (50 eyes). Ophthalmologica. 1984;188(2):100–105. doi: 10.1159/000309348. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mackie I. A., Seal D. V. The questionably dry eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981 Jan;65(1):2–9. doi: 10.1136/bjo.65.1.2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mathers W. D., Lane J. A., Zimmerman M. B. Tear film changes associated with normal aging. Cornea. 1996 May;15(3):229–234. doi: 10.1097/00003226-199605000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGill J. I., Liakos G. M., Goulding N., Seal D. V. Normal tear protein profiles and age-related changes. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 May;68(5):316–320. doi: 10.1136/bjo.68.5.316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McMonnies C. W., Ho A. Conjunctival hyperaemia in non-contact lens wearers. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1991 Dec;69(6):799–801. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02064.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nava A., Barton K., Monroy D. C., Pflugfelder S. C. The effects of age, gender, and fluid dynamics on the concentration of tear film epidermal growth factor. Cornea. 1997 Jul;16(4):430–438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norn M. S. Desiccation of the precorneal film. I. Corneal wetting-time. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1969;47(4):865–880. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1969.tb03711.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Norn M. S. Semiquantitative interference study of fatty layer of precorneal film. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1979 Oct;57(5):766–774. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb01842.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nzekwe E. U., Maurice D. M. The effect of age on the penetration of fluorescein into the human eye. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1994 Fall;10(3):521–523. doi: 10.1089/jop.1994.10.521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Obata H., Yamamoto S., Horiuchi H., Machinami R. Histopathologic study of human lacrimal gland. Statistical analysis with special reference to aging. Ophthalmology. 1995 Apr;102(4):678–686. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(95)30971-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paschides C. A., Petroutsos G., Psilas K. Correlation of conjunctival impression cytology results with lacrimal function and age. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1991 Aug;69(4):422–425. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb02016.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patel S., Farrell J. C. Age-related changes in precorneal tear film stability. Optom Vis Sci. 1989 Mar;66(3):175–178. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198903000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pietsch R. L., Pearlman M. E. Human tear lysozyme variables. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973 Aug;90(2):94–96. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000050096003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Puderbach S., Stolze H. H. Tear ferning and other lacrimal tests in normal persons of different ages. Int Ophthalmol. 1991 Nov;15(6):391–395. doi: 10.1007/BF00137950. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Puffer M. J., Neault R. W., Brubaker R. F. Basal precorneal tear turnover in the human eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980 Mar;89(3):369–376. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(80)90006-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rodney W. M., Louie J., Puffer J. C. Schirmer's test of lacrimation. Am Fam Physician. 1981 Nov;24(5):161–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rolando M., Refojo M. F. Tear evaporimeter for measuring water evaporation rate from the tear film under controlled conditions in humans. Exp Eye Res. 1983 Jan;36(1):25–33. doi: 10.1016/0014-4835(83)90086-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STIEWE M. [The age factor in lacrimation]. Z Alternsforsch. 1962 Jan;15:318–323. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sack R. A., Tan K. O., Tan A. Diurnal tear cycle: evidence for a nocturnal inflammatory constitutive tear fluid. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Mar;33(3):626–640. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sahlin S., Chen E. Evaluation of the lacrimal drainage function by the drop test. Am J Ophthalmol. 1996 Nov;122(5):701–708. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70490-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sen D. K., Sarin G. S. Immunoassay of human tear lysozyme. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980 Nov;90(5):715–718. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)75143-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sen D. K., Sarin G. S., Mathur G. P., Saha K. Biological variation of immunoglobulin concentrations in normal human tears related to age and sex. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1978 Jun;56(3):439–444. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1978.tb05697.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takahashi A., Okisaka S., Akeo K., Taketani P. [Aging changes in conjunctiva visualized by fluorescein angiography and histopathology]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1996 Apr;100(4):296–301. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tchah H. Measurement of IgA level in normal human tears by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Korean J Ophthalmol. 1989 Dec;3(2):70–74. doi: 10.3341/kjo.1989.3.2.70. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tomlinson A., Giesbrecht C. Effect of age on human tear film evaporation in normals. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1994;350:271–274. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2417-5_46. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ueno H., Ariji E., Izumi M., Uetani M., Hayashi K., Nakamura T. MR imaging of the lacrimal gland. Age-related and gender-dependent changes in size and structure. Acta Radiol. 1996 Sep;37(5):714–719. doi: 10.1177/02841851960373P259. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Van Haeringen N. J. Clinical biochemistry of tears. Surv Ophthalmol. 1981 Sep-Oct;26(2):84–96. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(81)90145-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WRIGHT J. C., MEGER G. E. A review of the Schirmer test for tear production. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962 May;67:564–565. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020564008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Whaley K., Williamson J., Wilson T., McGavin D. D., Hughes G. R., Hughes H., Schmulian L. R., MacSween R. N., Buchanan W. W. Sjögren's syndrome and autoimmunity in a geriatric population. Age Ageing. 1972 Nov;1(4):197–206. doi: 10.1093/ageing/1.4.197. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wotherspoon A. C., Hardman-Lea S., Isaacson P. G. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the human conjunctiva. J Pathol. 1994 Sep;174(1):33–37. doi: 10.1002/path.1711740106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Xu K. P., Tsubota K. Correlation of tear clearance rate and fluorophotometric assessment of tear turnover. Br J Ophthalmol. 1995 Nov;79(11):1042–1045. doi: 10.1136/bjo.79.11.1042. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZINTZ R., SCHILLING T. EIN KOLORIMETRISCHES VERFAHREN ZUR MESSUNG DES FLUESSIGKEITSVOLUMENS IM BINDEHAUTSACK. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1964 Apr;144:393–413. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zappia R. J., Milder B. Lacrimal drainage function. 1. The Jones fluorescein test. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972 Jul;74(1):154–159. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)91141-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zhang H. C. [An investigation of vital staining of the ocular surface and BUT of the tear film in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 1990 Jan;26(1):43–46. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Best J. A., Benitez del Castillo J. M., Coulangeon L. M. Measurement of basal tear turnover using a standardized protocol. European concerted action on ocular fluorometry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1995 Jan;233(1):1–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00177778. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Bijsterveld O. P. Diagnostic tests in the Sicca syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969 Jul;82(1):10–14. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020012003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- van Haeringen N. J., Glasius E. Lysosomal hydrolases in tears and the lacrimal gland: effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the release from the lacrimal gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980 Jul;19(7):826–829. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]