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. 1997 Jul;81(7):599–607. doi: 10.1136/bjo.81.7.599

Use of isolated ocular arteries in vitro to define the pathology of vascular changes in glaucoma

C BUCKLEY 1, P HADOKE 1, C O'BRIEN 1
PMCID: PMC1722250  PMID: 9290378

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Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

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Mechanism of endothelium dependent relaxation showing the release of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2 ) and endothelium derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) from the endothelium. Agonists act on specific endothelial cell receptors and may stimulate the release of one or all mediators to induce smooth muscle relaxation. Abbreviations: Acetylcholine (ACh), histamine (Hist), endothelin-1 (ET-1), bradykinin (BK), substance P (Sub P), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), arachidonic acid (AA), L-NG monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), L-NG nitroarginine methylester (L-NAME), haemoglobin (Hb), glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), methylene blue (Meth blue), cyclic guanosine/adenosine monophosphate (cGMP/cAMP), guanosine/adenosine triphosphate (GTP/ATP), non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC), muscarinic receptor (M), histamine receptor (H1/2 ), endothelin B receptor (ETB ), bradykinin receptor (B2 ).

Figure 2  .

Figure 2  

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Mechanism of agonist induced contraction showing the release of contracting factors endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2, (TxA2 ), and angiotensin II (AII) from the endothelium, as well as the direct stimulation of smooth muscle cell receptors by agonists to increase intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i ) and induce smooth muscle contraction. Abbreviations: Preproendothelin-1 (Pre-pro ET-1), big endothelin-1 (Big ET-1), arachidonic acid (AA), angiotensin I (AI), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (Ad), phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandins (PG), histamine (Hist), α1 adrenoceptor (α1 ), endothelin receptors (ETA , ETB ), thromboxane receptor (Tx), angiotensin receptor (AT1 ), histamine receptor (H1 ).

Selected References

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