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. 1997 Aug;81(8):668–672. doi: 10.1136/bjo.81.8.668

Syringomatous carcinoma of the eyelid and orbit: a clinical and histopathological challenge

V Hoppenreijs 1, T Reuser 1, C Mooy 1, R J W de Keizer 1, M Mourits 1
PMCID: PMC1722280  PMID: 9349155

Abstract

AIMS—To present three patients with a syringomatous carcinoma (SC). SC is a rare cutaneous neoplasm, most frequently situated on the face and scalp and histologically characterised by an infiltrative pattern of basaloid or squamous cells, a desmoplastic stromal reaction, keratin filled cysts, and granular structures.
METHODS—The clinical histories of the patients with a SC were investigated retrospectively.
RESULTS—Patient 1 had a benign appearing tumour of the lower eyelid. Five tumour excisions were necessary to remove the SC completely. Patient 2 had a tumour on the lateral part of the lower eyelid and in the medial canthal area. The histopathological findings revealed a squamous cell carcinoma, later revised as a SC. In spite of two excisions and one microscopically controlled excision, a recurrence occurred. An exenteration orbitae was recommended. Patient 3, known to have a history of multiple malignant skin tumours after kidney transplantation and use of cyclosporin, presented with a firm mass in the eyebrow region and in the nasal area of the orbit. The pathological diagnosis of this adnexal tumour was difficult. An exenteration was recommended.
CONCLUSIONS—SC is a benign appearing but extremely invasive, locally destructive, slowly growing adnexal tumour, derived from eccrine sweat glands. It is often mistaken, both clinically and microscopically, for other benign and malignant entities. The tumour recurrence is high due to extensive perineural invasion, but regional or distant metastases are rare. The local aggressive nature of the tumour and the high recurrence rate may necessitate mutilating procedures. Optimal treatment consists of a complete microscopically controlled surgical excision with clear surgical margins.



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Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

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Syringoma (a benign sweat gland tumour), showing the characteristic syringomatous pattern. Numerous small comma-shaped ducts are embedded in fibrous stroma. Amorphous eosinophilic debris is often within the ductal lumina. Anaplasia and invasion are not observed in benign sweat gland tumour. The benign tumour does not show perineural, subcutaneous or muscle infiltration (in contrast with the syringomatous carcinoma). Magnification × 192. 

Figure 2  .

Figure 2  

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Survey light micrograph of a specimen of the lower eyelid of patient 2, demonstrating a syringomatous carcinoma infiltrating in muscle (asterisk) and between sebaceous structures (arrowheads). The area between the circles is magnified in Figure 3. Magnification × 30. 

Figure 3  .

Figure 3  

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Detail of the syringomatous carcinoma (see Fig 2) with tubules simulating syringoma and less differentiated cords. Magnification × 120. 

Figure 4  .

Figure 4  

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Syringomatous carcinoma: detail of muscle infiltration. Magnification × 300. 

Figure 5  .

Figure 5  

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Syringomatous carcinoma: detail of perineural invasion (arrowheads). Magnification × 300. 

Figure 6  .

Figure 6  

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Patient 3 with multiple malignant tumours of the skin, such as squamous cell carcinomas (right eyelid, temple, neck, preauricular skin, nostril, forehead, right medial canthal area) and basal cell carcinomas (nose, neck, temple, nostril). A firm mass was palpable in the nasal area (arrow).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

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