Skip to main content
PMC home page
The British Journal of Ophthalmology logoLink to The British Journal of Ophthalmology
. 1999 Sep;83(9):1083–1087. doi: 10.1136/bjo.83.9.1083

Hypertension and diabetic retinopathy—what's the story?

J GILLOW 1, J GIBSON 1, P DODSON 1
PMCID: PMC1723193  PMID: 10460781

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (81.3 KB).

Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

Open in a new tab

Role of retinal hyperperfusion in diabetic retinopathy.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alberti K. G., Zimmet P. Z. New diagnostic criteria and classification of diabetes--again? Diabet Med. 1998 Jul;15(7):535–536. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<535::AID-DIA670>3.0.CO;2-Q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bailey C. C., Sparrow J. M., Grey R. H., Cheng H. The National Diabetic Retinopathy Laser Treatment Audit. I. Maculopathy. Eye (Lond) 1998;12(Pt 1):69–76. doi: 10.1038/eye.1998.13. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bailey C. C., Sparrow J. M., Grey R. H., Cheng H. The National Diabetic Retinopathy Laser Treatment Audit. II. Proliferative retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 1998;12(Pt 1):77–84. doi: 10.1038/eye.1998.14. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Borhani N. O., Mercuri M., Borhani P. A., Buckalew V. M., Canossa-Terris M., Carr A. A., Kappagoda T., Rocco M. V., Schnaper H. W., Sowers J. R. Final outcome results of the Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1996 Sep 11;276(10):785–791. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chase H. P., Garg S. K., Jackson W. E., Thomas M. A., Harris S., Marshall G., Crews M. J. Blood pressure and retinopathy in type I diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1990 Feb;97(2):155–159. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(90)32611-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chaturvedi N., Sjolie A. K., Stephenson J. M., Abrahamian H., Keipes M., Castellarin A., Rogulja-Pepeonik Z., Fuller J. H. Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes. The EUCLID Study Group. EURODIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Lancet. 1998 Jan 3;351(9095):28–31. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)06209-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cruickshank J. M., Thorp J. M., Zacharias F. J. Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure. Lancet. 1987 Mar 14;1(8533):581–584. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90231-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Epstein M., Sowers J. R. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Hypertension. 1992 May;19(5):403–418. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.19.5.403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Estacio R. O., Jeffers B. W., Hiatt W. R., Biggerstaff S. L., Gifford N., Schrier R. W. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 5;338(10):645–652. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199803053381003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gaede P., Vedel P., Parving H. H., Pedersen O. Intensified multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: the Steno type 2 randomised study. Lancet. 1999 Feb 20;353(9153):617–622. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07368-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gibson J. M., Lavery J. R., Rosenthal A. R. Blindness and partial sight in an elderly population. Br J Ophthalmol. 1986 Sep;70(9):700–705. doi: 10.1136/bjo.70.9.700. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Grunwald J. E., Brucker A. J., Schwartz S. S., Braunstein S. N., Baker L., Petrig B. L., Riva C. E. Diabetic glycemic control and retinal blood flow. Diabetes. 1990 May;39(5):602–607. doi: 10.2337/diab.39.5.602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S. G., Dahlöf B., Elmfeldt D., Julius S., Ménard J., Rahn K. H., Wedel H., Westerling S. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998 Jun 13;351(9118):1755–1762. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)04311-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Janka H. U., Warram J. H., Rand L. I., Krolewski A. S. Risk factors for progression of background retinopathy in long-standing IDDM. Diabetes. 1989 Apr;38(4):460–464. doi: 10.2337/diab.38.4.460. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kaplan N. M. Two dilemmas of diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jul;151(7):1270–1272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Klein R., Klein B. E., Lee K. E., Cruickshanks K. J., Moss S. E. The incidence of hypertension in insulin-dependent diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 1996 Mar 25;156(6):622–627. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Klein R., Klein B. E., Moss S. E., Davis M. D., DeMets D. L. Is blood pressure a predictor of the incidence or progression of diabetic retinopathy? Arch Intern Med. 1989 Nov;149(11):2427–2432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kohner E. M. Diabetic retinopathy. BMJ. 1993 Nov 6;307(6913):1195–1199. doi: 10.1136/bmj.307.6913.1195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mandrup-Poulsen T. Diabetes. BMJ. 1998 Apr 18;316(7139):1221–1225. doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1221. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Micossi P., Pollavini G., Raggi U., Librenti M. C., Garimberti B., Beggi P. Effects of metoprolol and propranolol on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res. 1984 Feb;16(2):59–63. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1014697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nørgaard K., Feldt-Rasmussen B., Deckert T. Is hypertension a major independent risk factor for retinopathy in type 1 diabetes? Diabet Med. 1991 May;8(4):334–337. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01606.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Padfield P. L., Benediktsson R. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: from research to clinical practice. J Hum Hypertens. 1995 Jun;9(6):413–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Psaty B. M., Heckbert S. R., Koepsell T. D., Siscovick D. S., Raghunathan T. E., Weiss N. S., Rosendaal F. R., Lemaitre R. N., Smith N. L., Wahl P. W. The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapies. JAMA. 1995 Aug 23;274(8):620–625. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Reaven G. M. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595–1607. doi: 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sjølie A. K., Stephenson J., Aldington S., Kohner E., Janka H., Stevens L., Fuller J. Retinopathy and vision loss in insulin-dependent diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Ophthalmology. 1997 Feb;104(2):252–260. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30327-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sullivan P. M., Davies G. E., Caldwell G., Morris A. C., Kohner E. M. Retinal blood flow during hyperglycemia. A laser Doppler velocimetry study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990 Oct;31(10):2041–2045. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tatti P., Pahor M., Byington R. P., Di Mauro P., Guarisco R., Strollo G., Strollo F. Outcome results of the Fosinopril Versus Amlodipine Cardiovascular Events Randomized Trial (FACET) in patients with hypertension and NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1998 Apr;21(4):597–603. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.4.597. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Testa M. A., Puklin J. E., Sherwin R. S., Simonson D. C. Clinical predictors of retinopathy and its progression in patients with type I diabetes during CSII or conventional insulin treatment. Diabetes. 1985 Aug;34 (Suppl 3):61–68. doi: 10.2337/diab.34.3.s61. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tuomilehto J., Rastenyte D., Birkenhäger W. H., Thijs L., Antikainen R., Bulpitt C. J., Fletcher A. E., Forette F., Goldhaber A., Palatini P. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 4;340(9):677–684. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199903043400902. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The British Journal of Ophthalmology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES