Skip to main content
British Journal of Sports Medicine logoLink to British Journal of Sports Medicine
. 2003 Apr;37(2):106–114. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.37.2.106

Are activity promotion interventions based on the transtheoretical model effective? A critical review

J Adams 1, M White 1
PMCID: PMC1724627  PMID: 12663350

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (164.3 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bock B. C., Marcus B. H., Pinto B. M., Forsyth L. H. Maintenance of physical activity following an individualized motivationally tailored intervention. Ann Behav Med. 2001 Spring;23(2):79–87. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2302_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Calfas K. J., Long B. J., Sallis J. F., Wooten W. J., Pratt M., Patrick K. A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity. Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;25(3):225–233. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0050. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Calfas K. J., Sallis J. F., Oldenburg B., Ffrench M. Mediators of change in physical activity following an intervention in primary care: PACE. Prev Med. 1997 May-Jun;26(3):297–304. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1997.0141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dishman R. K. The measurement conundrum in exercise adherence research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Nov;26(11):1382–1390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dunn A. L., Marcus B. H., Kampert J. B., Garcia M. E., Kohl H. W., 3rd, Blair S. N. Comparison of lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness: a randomized trial. JAMA. 1999 Jan 27;281(4):327–334. doi: 10.1001/jama.281.4.327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dunn A. L., Marcus B. H., Kampert J. B., Garcia M. E., Kohl H. W., 3rd, Blair S. N. Reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors: 6-month results from Project Active. Prev Med. 1997 Nov-Dec;26(6):883–892. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1997.0218. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Harland J., White M., Drinkwater C., Chinn D., Farr L., Howel D. The Newcastle exercise project: a randomised controlled trial of methods to promote physical activity in primary care. BMJ. 1999 Sep 25;319(7213):828–832. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7213.828. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kohl H. W., 3rd, Dunn A. L., Marcus B. H., Blair S. N. A randomized trial of physical activity interventions: design and baseline data from project active. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Feb;30(2):275–283. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199802000-00016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laitakari J., Vuori I., Oja P. Is long-term maintenance of health-related physical activity possible? An analysis of concepts and evidence. Health Educ Res. 1996 Dec;11(4):463–477. doi: 10.1093/her/11.4.463. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lamonte M. J., Ainsworth B. E. Quantifying energy expenditure and physical activity in the context of dose response. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jun;33(6 Suppl):S370–S420. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200106001-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Long B. J., Calfas K. J., Wooten W., Sallis J. F., Patrick K., Goldstein M., Marcus B. H., Schwenk T. L., Chenoweth J., Carter R. A multisite field test of the acceptability of physical activity counseling in primary care: project PACE. Am J Prev Med. 1996 Mar-Apr;12(2):73–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Marcus B. H., Banspach S. W., Lefebvre R. C., Rossi J. S., Carleton R. A., Abrams D. B. Using the stages of change model to increase the adoption of physical activity among community participants. Am J Health Promot. 1992 Jul-Aug;6(6):424–429. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-6.6.424. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Marcus B. H., Emmons K. M., Simkin-Silverman L. R., Linnan L. A., Taylor E. R., Bock B. C., Roberts M. B., Rossi J. S., Abrams D. B. Evaluation of motivationally tailored vs. standard self-help physical activity interventions at the workplace. Am J Health Promot. 1998 Mar-Apr;12(4):246–253. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-12.4.246. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Marshall S. J., Biddle S. J. The transtheoretical model of behavior change: a meta-analysis of applications to physical activity and exercise. Ann Behav Med. 2001 Fall;23(4):229–246. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2304_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Medical aspects of exercise. Benefits and risks. Summary of a Report of the Royal College of Physicians. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1991 Jul;25(3):193–196. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Miilunpalo S., Nupponen R., Laitakari J., Marttila J., Paronen O. Stages of change in two modes of health-enhancing physical activity: methodological aspects and promotional implications. Health Educ Res. 2000 Aug;15(4):435–448. doi: 10.1093/her/15.4.435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Naylor P. J., Simmonds G., Riddoch C., Velleman G., Turton P. Comparison of stage-matched and unmatched interventions to promote exercise behaviour in the primary care setting. Health Educ Res. 1999 Oct;14(5):653–666. doi: 10.1093/her/14.5.653. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Norris S. L., Grothaus L. C., Buchner D. M., Pratt M. Effectiveness of physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise in a staff model HMO. Prev Med. 2000 Jun;30(6):513–523. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0673. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Peterson T. R., Aldana S. G. Improving exercise behavior: an application of the stages of change model in a worksite setting. Am J Health Promot. 1999 Mar-Apr;13(4):229-32, iii. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-13.4.229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Pinto B. M., Goldstein M. G., DePue J. D., Milan F. B. Acceptability and feasibility of physician-based activity counseling. The PAL project. Am J Prev Med. 1998 Aug;15(2):95–102. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00043-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pinto B. M., Lynn H., Marcus B. H., DePue J., Goldstein M. G. Physician-based activity counseling: intervention effects on mediators of motivational readiness for physical activity. Ann Behav Med. 2001 Winter;23(1):2–10. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2301_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Prochaska J. O., DiClemente C. C., Norcross J. C. In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. Am Psychol. 1992 Sep;47(9):1102–1114. doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.47.9.1102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Prochaska J. O., DiClemente C. C., Velicer W. F., Rossi J. S. Standardized, individualized, interactive, and personalized self-help programs for smoking cessation. Health Psychol. 1993 Sep;12(5):399–405. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.12.5.399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sevick M. A., Dunn A. L., Morrow M. S., Marcus B. H., Chen G. J., Blair S. N. Cost-effectiveness of lifestyle and structured exercise interventions in sedentary adults: results of project ACTIVE. Am J Prev Med. 2000 Jul;19(1):1–8. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00154-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Steptoe A., Doherty S., Rink E., Kerry S., Kendrick T., Hilton S. Behavioural counselling in general practice for the promotion of healthy behaviour among adults at increased risk of coronary heart disease: randomised trial. BMJ. 1999 Oct 9;319(7215):943–948. doi: 10.1136/bmj.319.7215.943. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Steptoe A., Kerry S., Rink E., Hilton S. The impact of behavioral counseling on stage of change in fat intake, physical activity, and cigarette smoking in adults at increased risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Public Health. 2001 Feb;91(2):265–269. doi: 10.2105/ajph.91.2.265. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Strecher V. J., Kreuter M., Den Boer D. J., Kobrin S., Hospers H. J., Skinner C. S. The effects of computer-tailored smoking cessation messages in family practice settings. J Fam Pract. 1994 Sep;39(3):262–270. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Sports Medicine are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES