Skip to main content
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ logoLink to Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
. 2002 Jan;19(1):4–7. doi: 10.1136/emj.19.1.4

Emergency analgesia in the paediatric population. Part I Current practice and perspectives

S Maurice 1, J O'Donnell 1, T Beattie 1
PMCID: PMC1725781  PMID: 11777861

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (88.2 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anand K. J., Carr D. B. The neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry of pain, stress, and analgesia in newborns and children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989 Aug;36(4):795–822. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36722-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anand K. J., Hansen D. D., Hickey P. R. Hormonal-metabolic stress responses in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 1990 Oct;73(4):661–670. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199010000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anand K. J., Hickey P. R. Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. N Engl J Med. 1987 Nov 19;317(21):1321–1329. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198711193172105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Attard A. R., Corlett M. J., Kidner N. J., Leslie A. P., Fraser I. A. Safety of early pain relief for acute abdominal pain. BMJ. 1992 Sep 5;305(6853):554–556. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6853.554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Benini F., Johnston C. C., Faucher D., Aranda J. V. Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants. JAMA. 1993 Aug 18;270(7):850–853. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beyer J. E., DeGood D. E., Ashley L. C., Russell G. A. Patterns of postoperative analgesic use with adults and children following cardiac surgery. Pain. 1983 Sep;17(1):71–81. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(83)90129-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bhatt-Mehta V., Rosen D. A. Management of acute pain in children. Clin Pharm. 1991 Sep;10(9):667–685. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bieri D., Reeve R. A., Champion G. D., Addicoat L., Ziegler J. B. The Faces Pain Scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties. Pain. 1990 May;41(2):139–150. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90018-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Burrows F. A., Berde C. B. Optimal pain relief in infants and children. BMJ. 1993 Oct 2;307(6908):815–816. doi: 10.1136/bmj.307.6908.815. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Derbyshire S. W., Furedi A. Do fetuses feel pain? "Fetal pain" is a misnomer. BMJ. 1996 Sep 28;313(7060):795–795. doi: 10.1136/bmj.313.7060.795a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ducharme J. Emergency pain management: a Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) consensus document. J Emerg Med. 1994 Nov-Dec;12(6):855–866. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(94)90498-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Fitzgerald M. Development of pain mechanisms. Br Med Bull. 1991 Jul;47(3):667–675. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072499. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Friedland L. R., Kulick R. M. Emergency department analgesic use in pediatric trauma victims with fractures. Ann Emerg Med. 1994 Feb;23(2):203–207. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(94)70031-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Grunau R. V., Craig K. D. Pain expression in neonates: facial action and cry. Pain. 1987 Mar;28(3):395–410. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(87)90073-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LeDez K. M., Lerman J. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in preterm neonates. Anesthesiology. 1987 Sep;67(3):301–307. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198709000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McGrath P. A. Pain in the pediatric patient: practical aspects of assessment. Pediatr Ann. 1995 Mar;24(3):126-33, 137-8. doi: 10.3928/0090-4481-19950301-06. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Melzack R., Wall P. D. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science. 1965 Nov 19;150(3699):971–979. doi: 10.1126/science.150.3699.971. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Porter J., Jick H. Addiction rare in patients treated with narcotics. N Engl J Med. 1980 Jan 10;302(2):123–123. doi: 10.1056/nejm198001103020221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Purcell-Jones G., Dormon F., Sumner E. Paediatric anaesthetists' perceptions of neonatal and infant pain. Pain. 1988 May;33(2):181–187. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(88)90089-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Reichl M., Bodiwala G. G. Use of analgesia in severe pain in the accident and emergency department. Arch Emerg Med. 1987 Mar;4(1):25–31. doi: 10.1136/emj.4.1.25. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sandhu S., Driscoll P., Nancarrow J., McHugh D. Analgesia in the accident and emergency department: do SHOs have the knowledge to provide optimal analgesia? J Accid Emerg Med. 1998 May;15(3):147–150. doi: 10.1136/emj.15.3.147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schechter N. L., Allen D. A., Hanson K. Status of pediatric pain control: a comparison of hospital analgesic usage in children and adults. Pediatrics. 1986 Jan;77(1):11–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schechter N. L., Allen D. Physicians' attitudes toward pain in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1986 Dec;7(6):350–354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schechter N. L. The undertreatment of pain in children: an overview. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989 Aug;36(4):781–794. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36721-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Selbst S. M. Analgesia in children. Why is it underused in emergency departments? Drug Saf. 1992 Jan-Feb;7(1):8–13. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199207010-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Selbst S. M., Clark M. Analgesic use in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1990 Sep;19(9):1010–1013. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82565-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Selbst S. M., Henretig F. M. The treatment of pain in the emergency department. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1989 Aug;36(4):965–978. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36731-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Simpson N., Finlay F. Acute pain management for children in A&E. J Accid Emerg Med. 1997 Jan;14(1):58–58. doi: 10.1136/emj.14.1.58-b. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Southall D. P., Cronin B. C., Hartmann H., Harrison-Sewell C., Samuels M. P. Invasive procedures in children receiving intensive care. BMJ. 1993 Jun 5;306(6891):1512–1513. doi: 10.1136/bmj.306.6891.1512-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Visintainer M. A., Wolfer J. A. Psychological preparation for surgery pediatric patients: the effects on children's and parents' stress responses and adjustment. Pediatrics. 1975 Aug;56(2):187–202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wellington N., Rieder M. J. Attitudes and practices regarding analgesia for newborn circumcision. Pediatrics. 1993 Oct;92(4):541–543. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Yaster M., Deshpande J. K. Management of pediatric pain with opioid analgesics. J Pediatr. 1988 Sep;113(3):421–429. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(88)80622-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES