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. 2000 Dec;47(6):792–800. doi: 10.1136/gut.47.6.792

Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinal mucosa

R Longman 1, J Douthwaite 1, P Sylvester 1, R Poulsom 1, A Corfield 1, M Thomas 1, N Wright 1
PMCID: PMC1728152  PMID: 11076877

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS—Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides and the chromosome 11p15.5 mucin glycoproteins are expressed and secreted in a site specific fashion along the length of the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence for coexpression of mucins and trefoil peptides has been suggested in numerous gastrointestinal mucosal pathologies. The ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) occurs at sites of chronic ulceration in Crohn's disease, expresses all three trefoil peptides, and is implicated in mucosal restitution. We tested the hypothesis that individual trefoil peptides are uniquely localised with specific mucins in the UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia.
METHODS—Expression of mucin genes in the UACL from small bowel tissue of patients with Crohn's disease was detected by in situ hybridisation, and localisation of the products by immunohistochemistry. Colocalisation of mucins and trefoil peptides was demonstrated by immunofluorescent colabelling in UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia.
RESULTS—MUC5AC and TFF1 were colocalised in distal ductular and surface elements of the UACL and in foveolar cells of the stomach, whereas MUC6 and TFF2 were colocalised to acinar and proximal ductular structures in the UACL, in the fundus and deep antral glands of the stomach, and in Brunner's glands of the duodenum. MUC5B was found sporadically throughout the UACL and gastric body. MUC2 was absent from the UACL, Brunner's glands, and stomach. MUC2 and TFF3 were colocalised throughout the large and small bowel mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS—The UACL has a unique profile of mucin gene expression. Coordinated localisation of trefoil peptides and mucins in UACL and normal gastrointestinal epithelia suggests they may assist each others' functions in protection and repair of gastrointestinal mucosa.


Keywords: mucins; trefoil peptides; Crohn's disease; ulcer associated cell lineage; repair

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Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

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Sections of terminal ileum from a patient with active Crohn's disease showing tissue morphology and mucin gene expression. (A) Haematoxylin and eosin stain, with ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) glands indicated by an arrow. (B) Periodic acid Schiff/alcian blue stained goblet cell mucins blue/purple and UACL glands magenta. (C) MUC2 glycoprotein immunohistochemical localisation (brown) confined to goblet cells, corresponding to the pattern of expression of (D) MUC2 mRNA. (E, F) MUC5AC glycoprotein and mRNA localised to some surface and upper ductular compartments of UACL glands. (G, H) MUC5B glycoprotein and mRNA localised to some surface and mid deep compartments of the UACL glands. (I, J) MUC6 glycoprotein and mRNA are abundant in the acinar and ductular compartments of the UCAL, with some MUC6 glycoprotein also in the surface cells. All immunohistochemical sections were counterstained with haematoxylin, and all in situ hybridisation sections counterstained with toluidine blue. Original magnifications: A-J 50×.

Figure 2  .

Figure 2  

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Fluorescent immunohistochemical localisation of mucin glycoproteins and trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in ulcer associated cell lineage (UACL) glands. (A) TFF2 (green) appears to be confined to the acinar and lower ductular compartments; MUC6 (red) is seen throughout the acini and some ductular components; colocalisation is seen as orange-yellow in many acinar cells. Nuclei are counterstained blue with DAPI. (B, C) TFF1 (green) and MUC5AC (red) are located in UACL surface cells (B) and ducts (C); colocalisation is frequent and seen as orange-yellow. Erythrocytes in the lamina propria autofluoresce an intense yellow (DAPI counterstain). (D) Conventional immunohistochemical localisation of TFF3 (brown) reveals strong staining in crypts (asterisk) and also in UACL (small arrow), particularly in the surface cells (large arrow) (haematoxylin counterstain). (E) TFF1 (green) and MUC6 (red) are present in opposing gradients; TFF1 is localised most strongly in the surface cells and upper ducts whereas MUC6 alone is present in acinar cells (red; bottom and right) and colocalisation (orange-yellow) is seen through the ducts. Erythrocytes in the lamina propria autofluoresce an intense yellow (weak DAPI counterstain). (F) TFF2 (green) and MUC5B (red) colocalise in some acinar and duct cells (DAPI counterstain). (G) TFF2 (green) and MUC6 (red) are both abundant in acinar cells of the UACL (DAPI counterstain). Original magnifications: A 100×; B, C, and G 400×; D 50×; E and F 200×.

Figure 3  .

Figure 3  

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Fluorescent immunohistochemical localisation of mucin glycoproteins and trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in the stomach, duodenum, and gall bladder. (A, B) TFF1 (green) and MUC5AC (red) colocalised in the gastric surface epithelium; MUC5AC immunoreactivity continues deeper into the isthmus and neck region (DAPI counterstain). (C) TFF1 (green) appears abundant in gastric foveolar surface cells whereas MUC5B (red) appears weakly localised to some mucous neck cells (weak DAPI counterstain). (D) TFF2 (green) and MUC5AC (red) were mostly segregated, with TFF2 immunoreactivity abundant in basal parts of these gastric glands and MUC5AC glycoprotein abundant in the epithelium at the surface, isthmus, and neck. Colocalisation was infrequent (DAPI counterstain). (E) TFF2 (green) and MUC6 glycoprotein (red) were mostly colocalised and confined to the basal parts of these gastric glands. (F) TFF1 (green) and MUC6 glycoprotein (red) were mostly segregated, with TFF1 abundant in surface epithelium and MUC6 appearing confined to epithelium in the lower half of these gastric glands, including some unequivocal mucous neck cells (red; upper left) (DAPI counterstain). (G) TFF2 (green) and MUC6 glycoprotein (red) were abundant in epithelium in the acini of Brunner's glands of the duodenum, and are most often colocalised (weak DAPI counterstain). (H) TFF2 (green) and MUC6 glycoprotein (red) appear colocalised (orange-yellow) in some epithelium of this non-inflamed gall bladder. Inset shows enlargement of central region (DAPI counterstain). Original magnifications: A, D, E, H 100×; B 400×; C 250×; F 200×.

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