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. 2000 Feb;83(2):210–216. doi: 10.1136/heart.83.2.210

Autonomic dysfunction is related to impaired pancreatic β cell function in patients with coronary artery disease

J Sayer 1, B Marchant 1, S Gelding 1, J Cooper 1, A Timmis 1
PMCID: PMC1729315  PMID: 10648499

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To assess the role of β cell failure in the development of autonomic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.
DESIGN—Autonomic function was measured by standard clinical methods and by heart rate variability in 24 type II diabetic and 24 non-diabetic subjects with coronary artery disease. Quantitative estimates of pancreatic β cell function (%β) and insulin resistance were made from basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations using a computer solved model. Fasting proinsulin levels provided an independent measure of β cell function.
RESULTS—The circadian rhythm of sympathovagal balance (ratio of low to high frequency spectral components of heart rate variability) was significantly attenuated in patients with below median (%β ⩽ 63.3) compared with above median pancreatic β cell function. Multiple measures of autonomic function showed positive associations with %β (low frequency: r = 0.41, p = 0.004; high frequency: r = 0.27, p = 0.07; lying/standing fall in systolic pressure: r = −0.30, p = 0.04) and negative associations with proinsulin (low frequency: r = −0.35, p = 0.03; high frequency: r = −0.36, p = 0.02; standard deviation of RR intervals: r = −0.43, p = 0.007). Associations tended to be stronger in non-diabetic than diabetic patients. In contrast, there was no association between insulin resistance and either autonomic function or the circadian rhythm of sympathovagal balance, regardless of diabetes status.
CONCLUSIONS—The data are consistent with the hypothesis that β cell failure plays a pathogenic role in the development of autonomic dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease.


Keywords: ischaemic heart disease; autonomic nervous system; β cell function; diabetes mellitus

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Figure 1  .

Figure 1  

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Circadian variation of sympathovagal balance for the entire cohort and by diabetic status, pancreatic β cell function (%β), and insulin resistance (%S). LH:HF represents the low to high frequency ratio. Values of %β and %S have been divided into those above and below the median (63.3% and 74.0%, respectively). *Variation over time; †between group comparison.

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