Abstract
Objectives—To describe the patterns of protective equipment use by in-line skaters in Winnipeg, Manitoba and nearby rural communities.
Methods—In-line skaters were observed for three months in 1996 at 190 urban and 30 rural sites selected using a formal sampling scheme. Age, gender, protective equipment use, skating companions, correct helmet use, and use of headphones were recorded.
Results—Altogether 123 in-line skaters were observed at 61 sites, including one rural site. No skaters were observed at the remaining sites. There were 37 adults and 86 children; 56% were male. Helmet use was 12.2% (95% confidence interval (CI ) = 6.4% to 18.0%), wrist guard use was 16.3% (95% CI = 9.7% to 22.8%), knee pad use was 9.8% (95% CI = 5.2% to 16.4%), and elbow pad use was 7.3% (95% CI = 3.4% to 13.4%). Children were more likely to wear a helmet than teens 12–19 years of age (relative risk (RR) = 30, 95% CI = 4.01 to 225). Adults were more likely to wear wrist guards than children (RR = 4.32, 95% CI = 1.87 to 9.94). No gender differences were found. Incorrect helmet use was documented in four skaters; three skaters were wearing headphones.
Conclusions—Low rates of protective equipment use were documented in our region, significantly lower than those reported in the literature. Barriers to equipment use are not known, and should be examined by further study. In-line skating safety programs should be developed, promoted, and evaluated. Teens should be targeted for future preventive efforts.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (108.4 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams S. L., Wyte C. D., Paradise M. S., del Castillo J. A prospective study of in-line skating: observational series and survey of active in-line skaters--injuries, protective equipment, and training. Acad Emerg Med. 1996 Apr;3(4):304–311. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03442.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Banas M. P., Dalldorf P. G., Marquardt J. D. Skateboard and in-line skate fractures: a report of one summer's experience. J Orthop Trauma. 1992;6(3):301–305. doi: 10.1097/00005131-199209000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Callé S. C., Eaton R. G. Wheels-in-line roller skating injuries. J Trauma. 1993 Dec;35(6):946–951. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199312000-00024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Callé S. C. In-line skating injuries, 1987 through 1992. Am J Public Health. 1994 Apr;84(4):675–675. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.4.675. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DiGuiseppi C. G., Rivara F. P., Koepsell T. D. Attitudes toward bicycle helmet ownership and use by school-age children. Am J Dis Child. 1990 Jan;144(1):83–86. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150250093041. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellis J. A., Kierulf J. C., Klassen T. P. Injuries associated with in-line skating from the Canadian hospitals injury reporting and prevention program database. Can J Public Health. 1995 Mar-Apr;86(2):133–136. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Finch C. F. Teenagers' attitudes towards bicycle helmets three years after the introduction of mandatory wearing. Inj Prev. 1996 Jun;2(2):126–130. doi: 10.1136/ip.2.2.126. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howland J., Sargent J., Weitzman M., Mangione T., Ebert R., Mauceri M., Bond M. Barriers to bicycle helmet use among children. Results of focus groups with fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. Am J Dis Child. 1989 Jun;143(6):741–744. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150180123033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jacques L. B., Grzesiak E. Personal protective equipment use by in-line roller skaters. J Fam Pract. 1994 May;38(5):486–488. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Joshi M. S., Beckett K., Macfarlane A. Cycle helmet wearing in teenagers--do health beliefs influence behaviour? Arch Dis Child. 1994 Dec;71(6):536–539. doi: 10.1136/adc.71.6.536. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mitts K. G., Hennrikus W. L. In-line skating fractures in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996 Sep-Oct;16(5):640–643. doi: 10.1097/00004694-199609000-00017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Munro J., Coleman P., Nicholl J., Harper R., Kent G., Wild D. Can we prevent accidental injury to adolescents? A systematic review of the evidence. Inj Prev. 1995 Dec;1(4):249–255. doi: 10.1136/ip.1.4.249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Orenstein J. B. Injuries and small-wheel skates. Ann Emerg Med. 1996 Feb;27(2):204–209. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(96)70324-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Otis J., Lesage D., Godin G., Brown B., Farley C., Lambert J. Predicting and reinforcing children's intentions to wear protective helmets while bicycling. Public Health Rep. 1992 May-Jun;107(3):283–289. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pendergrast R. A., Ashworth C. S., DuRant R. H., Litaker M. Correlates of children's bicycle helmet use and short-term failure of school-level interventions. Pediatrics. 1992 Sep;90(3):354–358. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Powell E. C., Tanz R. R. In-line skate and rollerskate injuries in childhood. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1996 Aug;12(4):259–262. doi: 10.1097/00006565-199608000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schieber R. A., Branche-Dorsey C. M. In-line skating injuries. Epidemiology and recommendations for prevention. Sports Med. 1995 Jun;19(6):427–432. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199519060-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schieber R. A., Branche-Dorsey C. M., Ryan G. W., Rutherford G. W., Jr, Stevens J. A., O'Neil J. Risk factors for injuries from in-line skating and the effectiveness of safety gear. N Engl J Med. 1996 Nov 28;335(22):1630–1635. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199611283352202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Young C. C., Mark D. H. In-line skating. An observational study of protective equipment used by skaters. Arch Fam Med. 1995 Jan;4(1):19–23. doi: 10.1001/archfami.4.1.19. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]