Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1996 Mar;64(3):1065–1069. doi: 10.1128/iai.64.3.1065-1069.1996

The capsular polysaccharide complex of Bacteroides fragilis induces cytokine production from human and murine phagocytic cells.

F C Gibson 3rd 1, A O Tzianabos 1, A B Onderdonk 1
PMCID: PMC173883  PMID: 8641762

Abstract

To stimulate early-phase immunologic events following Bacteroides fragilis infection in the peritoneal cavity, we examined the cytokine response of several cell types to purified capsular polysaccharide complex (CPC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of this organism. Cytokines were produced from murine resident peritoneal (MRP) cells as well as human peripheral blood leukocytes. MRP cells cocultured with either B. fragilis CPC of LPS in vitro produced tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha). In addition, MRP cells challenged with CPC produced IL-10. Human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes secreted IL-8 when cultured in the presence of CPC.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (209.9 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baumann H., Tzianabos A. O., Brisson J. R., Kasper D. L., Jennings H. J. Structural elucidation of two capsular polysaccharides from one strain of Bacteroides fragilis using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. Biochemistry. 1992 Apr 28;31(16):4081–4089. doi: 10.1021/bi00131a026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Boros D. L. The role of cytokines in the formation of the schistosome egg granuloma. Immunobiology. 1994 Oct;191(4-5):441–450. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80450-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Carlin J. M., Weller J. B. Potentiation of interferon-mediated inhibition of Chlamydia infection by interleukin-1 in human macrophage cultures. Infect Immun. 1995 May;63(5):1870–1875. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.5.1870-1875.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cassatella M. A. The production of cytokines by polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Immunol Today. 1995 Jan;16(1):21–26. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(95)80066-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chakkalath H. R., Titus R. G. Leishmania major-parasitized macrophages augment Th2-type T cell activation. J Immunol. 1994 Nov 15;153(10):4378–4387. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Conradt P., Kaufmann S. H. Impact of antigen-presenting cells on cytokine profiles of human Th clones established after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. Infect Immun. 1995 May;63(5):2079–2081. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.5.2079-2081.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cross A. S. Inducing an abscess. Lancet. 1994 Jan 29;343(8892):248–249. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91106-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Delahooke D. M., Barclay G. R., Poxton I. R. Tumor necrosis factor induction by an aqueous phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide complex from Bacteroides species. Infect Immun. 1995 Mar;63(3):840–846. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.3.840-846.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dinarello C. A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood. 1991 Apr 15;77(8):1627–1652. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Furie M. B., Randolph G. J. Chemokines and tissue injury. Am J Pathol. 1995 Jun;146(6):1287–1301. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ghalib H. W., Piuvezam M. R., Skeiky Y. A., Siddig M., Hashim F. A., el-Hassan A. M., Russo D. M., Reed S. G. Interleukin 10 production correlates with pathology in human Leishmania donovani infections. J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):324–329. doi: 10.1172/JCI116570. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gorbach S. L., Bartlett J. G. Anaerobic infections (second of three parts). N Engl J Med. 1974 May 30;290(22):1237–1245. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197405302902207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hoffman O. A., Standing J. E., Limper A. H. Pneumocystis carinii stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from alveolar macrophages through a beta-glucan-mediated mechanism. J Immunol. 1993 May 1;150(9):3932–3940. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kohler J., Heumann D., Garotta G., LeRoy D., Bailat S., Barras C., Baumgartner J. D., Glauser M. P. IFN-gamma involvement in the severity of gram-negative infections in mice. J Immunol. 1993 Jul 15;151(2):916–921. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lindberg A. A., Weintraub A., Zähringer U., Rietschel E. T. Structure-activity relationships in lipopolysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis. Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Jan-Feb;12 (Suppl 2):S133–S141. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_2.s133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mancuso G., Tomasello F., von Hunolstein C., Orefici G., Teti G. Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha by the group- and type-specific polysaccharides from type III group B streptococci. Infect Immun. 1994 Jul;62(7):2748–2753. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.7.2748-2753.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Molloy R. G., Mannick J. A., Rodrick M. L. Cytokines, sepsis and immunomodulation. Br J Surg. 1993 Mar;80(3):289–297. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800800308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Moser R., Schleiffenbaum B., Groscurth P., Fehr J. Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate human vascular endothelial cells to promote transendothelial neutrophil passage. J Clin Invest. 1989 Feb;83(2):444–455. doi: 10.1172/JCI113903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Muotiala A., Mäkelä P. H. Role of gamma interferon in late stages of murine salmonellosis. Infect Immun. 1993 Oct;61(10):4248–4253. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.10.4248-4253.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. O'Garra A., Chang R., Go N., Hastings R., Haughton G., Howard M. Ly-1 B (B-1) cells are the main source of B cell-derived interleukin 10. Eur J Immunol. 1992 Mar;22(3):711–717. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830220314. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Onderdonk A. B., Cisneros R. L., Crabb J. H., Finberg R. W., Kasper D. L. Intraperitoneal host cellular responses and in vivo killing of Bacteroides fragilis in a bacterial containment chamber. Infect Immun. 1989 Oct;57(10):3030–3037. doi: 10.1128/iai.57.10.3030-3037.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Onderdonk A. B., Kasper D. L., Cisneros R. L., Bartlett J. G. The capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis as a virulence factor: comparison of the pathogenic potential of encapsulated and unencapsulated strains. J Infect Dis. 1977 Jul;136(1):82–89. doi: 10.1093/infdis/136.1.82. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Otterlei M., Sundan A., Skjåk-Braek G., Ryan L., Smidsrød O., Espevik T. Similar mechanisms of action of defined polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides: characterization of binding and tumor necrosis factor alpha induction. Infect Immun. 1993 May;61(5):1917–1925. doi: 10.1128/iai.61.5.1917-1925.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Pantosti A., Tzianabos A. O., Onderdonk A. B., Kasper D. L. Immunochemical characterization of two surface polysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis. Infect Immun. 1991 Jun;59(6):2075–2082. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.6.2075-2082.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Polk B. F., Kasper D. L. Bacteroides fragilis subspecies in clinical isolates. Ann Intern Med. 1977 May;86(5):569–571. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-569. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Poutsiaka D. D., Mengozzi M., Vannier E., Sinha B., Dinarello C. A. Cross-linking of the beta-glucan receptor on human monocytes results in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist but not interleukin-1 production. Blood. 1993 Dec 15;82(12):3695–3700. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Schwager I., Jungi T. W. Effect of human recombinant cytokines on the induction of macrophage procoagulant activity. Blood. 1994 Jan 1;83(1):152–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Shapiro M. E., Kasper D. L., Zaleznik D. F., Spriggs S., Onderdonk A. B., Finberg R. W. Cellular control of abscess formation: role of T cells in the regulation of abscesses formed in response to Bacteroides fragilis. J Immunol. 1986 Jul 1;137(1):341–346. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shapiro M. E., Onderdonk A. B., Kasper D. L., Finberg R. W. Cellular immunity to Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1982 Apr 1;155(4):1188–1197. doi: 10.1084/jem.155.4.1188. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Stout R. D., Li Y., Miller A. R., Lambe D. W., Jr Staphylococcal glycocalyx activates macrophage prostaglandin E2 and interleukin 1 production and modulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide production. Infect Immun. 1994 Oct;62(10):4160–4166. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.10.4160-4166.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Tzianabos A. O., Onderdonk A. B., Rosner B., Cisneros R. L., Kasper D. L. Structural features of polysaccharides that induce intra-abdominal abscesses. Science. 1993 Oct 15;262(5132):416–419. doi: 10.1126/science.8211161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tzianabos A. O., Onderdonk A. B., Smith R. S., Kasper D. L. Structure-function relationships for polysaccharide-induced intra-abdominal abscesses. Infect Immun. 1994 Aug;62(8):3590–3593. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.8.3590-3593.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Tzianabos A. O., Onderdonk A. B., Zaleznik D. F., Smith R. S., Kasper D. L. Structural characteristics of polysaccharides that induce protection against intra-abdominal abscess formation. Infect Immun. 1994 Nov;62(11):4881–4886. doi: 10.1128/iai.62.11.4881-4886.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yssel H., De Waal Malefyt R., Roncarolo M. G., Abrams J. S., Lahesmaa R., Spits H., de Vries J. E. IL-10 is produced by subsets of human CD4+ T cell clones and peripheral blood T cells. J Immunol. 1992 Oct 1;149(7):2378–2384. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. de Waal Malefyt R., Abrams J., Bennett B., Figdor C. G., de Vries J. E. Interleukin 10(IL-10) inhibits cytokine synthesis by human monocytes: an autoregulatory role of IL-10 produced by monocytes. J Exp Med. 1991 Nov 1;174(5):1209–1220. doi: 10.1084/jem.174.5.1209. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. van de Verg L. L., Mallett C. P., Collins H. H., Larsen T., Hammack C., Hale T. L. Antibody and cytokine responses in a mouse pulmonary model of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a infection. Infect Immun. 1995 May;63(5):1947–1954. doi: 10.1128/iai.63.5.1947-1954.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES