Personal exposures of children to nitrogen dioxide relative to concentrations in outdoor air

Abstract

OBJECTIVES—To investigate the relation between fluctuations in personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in school children and changes in outdoor NO₂ concentrations.
METHODS—114 Asthmatic school children aged 7-12 years were recruited from the Southampton area. Weekly average personal exposures to NO₂ were measured over a 13 month period with passive diffusion tubes. At the same time, outdoor NO₂ concentrations were monitored at a fixed site in the centre of Southampton. Correlations between weekly personal exposures and mean outdoor concentrations during the same periods were examined.
RESULTS—Mean duration of follow up was 32 weeks. Measurements of weekly mean personal NO₂ exposures were generally low and ranged from 0.7 to 496 µg/m³ with a geometric mean of 17 µg/m³. Substantial variation in personal exposures occurred between children and more especially within individual children from week to week. Daily outdoor concentrations of NO₂ ranged from 4.3 to 29.8 µg/m³, with a geometric mean of 12.3 µg/m³. There was no evidence of seasonal variation in outdoor concentrations. No significant correlation was found between each child's weekly mean personal exposures to NO₂ and mean outdoor concentrations for the corresponding periods.
CONCLUSION—At low outdoor NO₂ concentrations, fluctuations in NO₂ in outdoor air as measured at a central monitoring station do not contribute importantly to variations in personal exposure when averaged over a week.


Keywords: personal monitoring; nitrogen dioxide; ambient

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