Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (123.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Allen S. S., Bland C. J., Dawson S. J. A mini-workshop to train medical students to use a patient-centered approach to smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med. 1990 Jan-Feb;6(1):28–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aripov B. S. Rasprostranennost' osnovnykh faktorov riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u studentov Tashkenta. Ter Arkh. 1990;62(8):45–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ashton C. H., Kamali F. Personality, lifestyles, alcohol and drug consumption in a sample of British medical students. Med Educ. 1995 May;29(3):187–192. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1995.tb02828.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baldwin D. C., Jr, Hughes P. H., Conard S. E., Storr C. L., Sheehan D. V. Substance use among senior medical students. A survey of 23 medical schools. JAMA. 1991 Apr 24;265(16):2074–2078. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Behera D., Malik S. K. Smoking habit of undergraduate medical students. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1987 Jul-Sep;29(3):182–184. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brenner H., Scharrer S. B. Parental smoking and sociodemographic factors related to smoking among German medical students. Eur J Epidemiol. 1996 Apr;12(2):171–176. doi: 10.1007/BF00145503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bridges-Webb C. General practitioner services. Aust Fam Physician. 1987 Jul;16(7):898–898. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cantor J. C., Baker L. C., Hughes R. G. Preparedness for practice. Young physicians' views of their professional education. JAMA. 1993 Sep 1;270(9):1035–1040. doi: 10.1001/jama.270.9.1035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chamberlain R. M., Bakemeier R. F., Gallagher R. E., Kupchella C. E., O'Donnell J. F., Parker J. A., Hill G. J., Brooks C. M. Cancer prevention education in United States medical schools. Cancer Education Survey II: cancer education in United States medical schools. J Cancer Educ. 1992;7(2):105–114. doi: 10.1080/08858199209528152. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cheng K. K., Lam T. H., Ratanasiri A. Smoking among medical students in Hong Kong. Asia Pac J Public Health. 1989;3(4):306–309. doi: 10.1177/101053958900300411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chung T. W., Lam T. H., Cheng Y. H. Knowledge and attitudes about smoking in medical students before and after a tobacco seminar. Med Educ. 1996 Jul;30(4):290–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00831.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collier D. J., Beales I. L. Drinking among medical students: a questionnaire survey. BMJ. 1989 Jul 1;299(6690):19–22. doi: 10.1136/bmj.299.6690.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Conard S., Hughes P., Baldwin D. C., Jr, Achenbach K. E., Sheehan D. V. Substance use by fourth-year students at 13 U.S. medical schools. J Med Educ. 1988 Oct;63(10):747–758. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198810000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crofton J. W., Fréour P. P., Tessier J. F. Medical education on tobacco: implications of a worldwide survey. Tobacco and Health Committee of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD). Med Educ. 1994 May;28(3):187–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02697.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crofton J. W., Tessier J. F., Fréour P. P., Piha T. European medical schools and tobacco. Med Educ. 1996 Nov;30(6):424–427. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00862.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cummings K. M., Giovino G., Sciandra R., Koenigsberg M., Emont S. L. Physician advice to quit smoking: who gets it and who doesn't. Am J Prev Med. 1987 Mar-Apr;3(2):69–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cummings S. R., Coates T. J., Richard R. J., Hansen B., Zahnd E. G., VanderMartin R., Duncan C., Gerbert B., Martin A., Stein M. J. Training physicians in counseling about smoking cessation. A randomized trial of the "Quit for Life" program. Ann Intern Med. 1989 Apr 15;110(8):640–647. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-110-8-640. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dekker H. M., Looman C. W., Adriaanse H. P., van der Maas P. J. Prevalence of smoking in physicians and medical students, and the generation effect in The Netherlands. Soc Sci Med. 1993 Mar;36(6):817–822. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90042-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Derman U., Demir G., Akan P. Is awareness of its risk enough to stop people from smoking? J Cancer Educ. 1995 Summer;10(2):68–70. doi: 10.1080/08858199509528337. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eaton C. B., Schaad D. C., Rybicki B., Pearson T. A., Van Citters R. L., Stone E. J., Castle C. H., Cohen J. D., Davidson D. M., Greenland P. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in U.S. medical students: the Preventive Cardiology Academic Award Collaborative Data Project. Am J Prev Med. 1990;6(2 Suppl):14–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Elkind A. K. Smoking: how medical students see the doctor's role. Public Health. 1983 Jan;97(1):38–45. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(83)80027-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eyler A. E., Dicken L. L., Fitzgerald J. T., Oh M. S., Wolf F. M., Zweifler A. J. Teaching smoking-cessation counseling to medical students using simulated patients. Am J Prev Med. 1997 May-Jun;13(3):153–158. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fakhfakh R., Hsairi M., Ben Romdhane H., Achour N., Ben Ammar R., Zouari B., Nacef T. Le tabagisme des étudiants en médecine en Tunisie: tendances des comportements et des attitudes. Sante. 1996 Jan-Feb;6(1):37–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fielding J. E. Smoking: health effects and control (1). N Engl J Med. 1985 Aug 22;313(8):491–498. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198508223130807. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Forney P. D., Forney M. A., Fischer P., Richards J. W., Jr, Scherger J., Rixey S., Smith S. R. Sociocultural correlates of substance use among medical students. J Drug Educ. 1988;18(2):97–108. doi: 10.2190/5XJC-2YAR-XDLU-HJ9H. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gestal-Otero J. J., Montes-Martinez A. Smoking habits of final-year Galician medical students. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1987;35(5):386–392. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ghodse A. H., Howse K. Substance use of medical students: a nationwide survey. Health Trends. 1994;26(3):85–88. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gillmann-Blum D., Castillo-Höfer C., Schmidtmann I., Ferlinz R. Verändert das Medizinstudium Verhalten, Meinung und Wissen über das Rauchen? Eine Umfrage unter Medizinstudenten im ersten und vorletzten Studienjahr. Pneumologie. 1989 Jun;43(6):284–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grafton W. D., Bairnsfather L. E. Use of psychoactive substances by medical students: a survey. J La State Med Soc. 1991 Jun;143(6):27–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Heatherton T. F., Kozlowski L. T., Frecker R. C., Fagerström K. O. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991 Sep;86(9):1119–1127. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hussain S. F., Moid I., Khan J. A. Attitudes of Asian medical students towards smoking. Thorax. 1995 Sep;50(9):996–997. doi: 10.1136/thx.50.9.996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ihezue U. H. Drug abuse among medical students at a Nigerian university: Part 1. Prevalence and pattern of use. J Natl Med Assoc. 1988 Jan;80(1):81–85. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jain S. K. Smoking medicos, beware! Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 1989 Apr-Jun;31(2):73–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Knopf A., Wakefield J. Effect of medical education on smoking behaviour. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1974 Nov;28(4):246–251. doi: 10.1136/jech.28.4.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozielski J., Jastrzebski D., Gabryś J. Zmiany w zwyczajach palenia papierosów w ciagu 10 lat wśród studenów II roku medycyny. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 1996;64(1-2):50–53. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Králíková E., Kozák J., Rames J., Zámecník L., Wallenfels I. Czech medical faculties and smoking. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1995 May;3(2):97–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lore W. Smoking habits in Kenya. I. A preliminary study involving University of Nairobi medical students. East Afr Med J. 1987 Apr;64(4):248–252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maheux B., Pineault R., Béland F. Factors influencing physicians' orientation toward prevention. Am J Prev Med. 1987 Jan-Feb;3(1):12–18. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maynard L., Goldberg R., Ockene J., Levy B., Howe J., 3rd, Dalen J. Behaviors and attitudes among medical students concerning cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. J Med Educ. 1986 Nov;61(11):921–922. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198611000-00012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meakin R. P., Lloyd M. H. Disease prevention and health promotion: a study of medical students and teachers. Med Educ. 1996 Mar;30(2):97–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1996.tb00726.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Medina E., Pascual J. P., Alegría A., Birón M., Buhler J., Bustos P., Cabrera V., Carcamo C., Corvalán L., Gutiérrez L. Tabaquismo en médicos y estudiantes de medicina. Rev Med Chil. 1985 Jul;113(7):688–694. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murray C. J., Lopez A. D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997 May 24;349(9064):1498–1504. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07492-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nachtigal D., Rishpon S., Epstein L. M. Smoking among medical and engineering students. Med Educ. 1989 Mar;23(2):196–200. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1989.tb00886.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ockene J. K. Physician-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: strategies for increasing effectiveness. Prev Med. 1987 Sep;16(5):723–737. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(87)90054-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ockene J. K., Quirk M. E., Goldberg R. J., Kristeller J. L., Donnelly G., Kalan K. L., Gould B., Greene H. L., Harrison-Atlas R., Pease J. A residents' training program for the development of smoking intervention skills. Arch Intern Med. 1988 May;148(5):1039–1045. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ockene J. K. Smoking intervention: the expanding role of the physician. Am J Public Health. 1987 Jul;77(7):782–783. doi: 10.2105/ajph.77.7.782. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Paine P. A., Amaral J. A., Pereira M. G. Association between parental and student smoking behaviour in a Brazilian medical school. Int J Epidemiol. 1985 Jun;14(2):330–332. doi: 10.1093/ije/14.2.330. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pikó B., Barabás K., Markos J. Health risk behaviour of a medical student population: report on a pilot study. J R Soc Health. 1996 Apr;116(2):97–100. doi: 10.1177/146642409611600207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Preston A. M., Matos F. V., Flores M. I. A profile of knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco usage of first and fourth year medical students at the University of Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J. 1987 Aug;6(2):95–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ribó Bonet C., Cordon Granados F., Vallescar i Piñana R., Martín Mateo M. El tabaquismo en los estudiantes de medicina. Aten Primaria. 1992 Mar 15;9(4):203–206. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richmond R. L., Austin A., Webster I. W. Three year evaluation of a programme by general practitioners to help patients to stop smoking. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1986 Mar 22;292(6523):803–806. doi: 10.1136/bmj.292.6523.803. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richmond R. L., Debono D. S., Larcos D., Kehoe L. Worldwide survey of education on tobacco in medical schools. Tob Control. 1998 Autumn;7(3):247–252. doi: 10.1136/tc.7.3.247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richmond R. L., Kehoe L. Smoking behaviour and attitudes among Australian medical students. Med Educ. 1997 May;31(3):169–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb02561.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richmond R. L., Makinson R. J., Kehoe L. A., Giugni A. A., Webster I. W. One-year evaluation of three smoking cessation interventions administered by general practitioners. Addict Behav. 1993 Mar-Apr;18(2):187–199. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90049-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roche A. M., Eccleston P., Jordan D. Smoking-related knowledge and attitudes of senior Australian medical students. Tob Control. 1996 Winter;5(4):271–279. doi: 10.1136/tc.5.4.271. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Roche A. M., Eccleston P., Sanson-Fisher R. Teaching smoking cessation skills to senior medical students: a block-randomized controlled trial of four different approaches. Prev Med. 1996 May-Jun;25(3):251–258. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1996.0054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rodriguez M. E., Cami J. Substance use among medical students in Barcelona (Spain). A comparison with previous surveys. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1986 Nov;18(3):311–318. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(86)90062-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Romenskii A. A., Lipatova L. S., Shlain V. A., Efron I. I., Nazarova E. N. Kurenie sredi studentov meditsinskikh institutov. Probl Tuberk. 1991;(7):17–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell M. A., Merriman R., Stapleton J., Taylor W. Effect of nicotine chewing gum as an adjunct to general practitioner's advice against smoking. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 Dec 10;287(6407):1782–1785. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6407.1782. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell M. A., Stapleton J. A., Feyerabend C., Wiseman S. M., Gustavsson G., Sawe U., Connor P. Targeting heavy smokers in general practice: randomised controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches. BMJ. 1993 May 15;306(6888):1308–1312. doi: 10.1136/bmj.306.6888.1308. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Russell M. A., Wilson C., Taylor C., Baker C. D. Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking. Br Med J. 1979 Jul 28;2(6184):231–235. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6184.231. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schwartz R. H., Lewis D. C., Hoffmann N. G., Kyriazi N. Cocaine and marijuana use by medical students before and during medical school. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Apr;150(4):883–886. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scott C. S., Neighbor W. E. Preventive care attitudes of medical students. Soc Sci Med. 1985;21(3):299–305. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(85)90105-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Segall A., Barker W., Jr, Cobb S., Jackson G., Carey J. A general model for preventive intervention in clinical practice. J Med Educ. 1981 Apr;56(4):324–333. doi: 10.1097/00001888-198104000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Siemińska A., Dubaniewicz A. Rozpowszechnienie nałogu palenia tytoniu wśród pracowników Akademii Medycznej i Państwowego Szpitala Klinicznego Nr 1 w Gdańsku oraz grupy studentów V roku Wydziału Lekarskiego AMG. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 1992;60(1-2):46–50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Songkla Y. N., Saenghirunvattana S. Smoking among medical students. J Med Assoc Thai. 1985 Apr;68(4):198–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tessier J. F., Freour P., Crofton J., Kombou L. Smoking habits and attitudes of medical students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in fourteen European countries. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989 Sep;5(3):311–321. doi: 10.1007/BF00144831. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tessier J. F., Fréour P., Belougne D., Crofton J. Smoking habits and attitudes of medical students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in nine Asian countries. The Tobacco and Health Committee of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Apr;21(2):298–304. doi: 10.1093/ije/21.2.298. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Velicer W. F., Fava J. L., Prochaska J. O., Abrams D. B., Emmons K. M., Pierce J. P. Distribution of smokers by stage in three representative samples. Prev Med. 1995 Jul;24(4):401–411. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1995.1065. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Venkataraman S., Mukhopadhya A., Muliyil J. Trends of smoking among medical students. Indian J Med Res. 1996 Nov;104:316–320. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vlajinac H., Adanja B., Jarebinski M. Smoking behaviour of medical students in Belgrade (Yugoslavia) Eur J Epidemiol. 1991 Nov;7(6):709–710. doi: 10.1007/BF00218689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Waalkens H. J., Cohen Schotanus J., Adriaanse H., Knol K. Smoking habits in medical students and physicians in Groningen, The Netherlands. Eur Respir J. 1992 Jan;5(1):49–52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wald N. J., Hackshaw A. K. Cigarette smoking: an epidemiological overview. Br Med Bull. 1996 Jan;52(1):3–11. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilson D. M., Taylor D. W., Gilbert J. R., Best J. A., Lindsay E. A., Willms D. G., Singer J. A randomized trial of a family physician intervention for smoking cessation. JAMA. 1988 Sep 16;260(11):1570–1574. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wong M. L., Chen P. C. Smoking behaviour, knowledge and opinion of medical students. Med J Malaysia. 1989 Dec;44(4):317–323. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yaacob I., Abdullah Z. A. Smoking behavior, knowledge and opinion of medical students. Asia Pac J Public Health. 1994;7(2):88–91. doi: 10.1177/101053959400700202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]