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. 2004 May;59(5):441–445. doi: 10.1136/thx.2003.006510

α1-Antitrypsin deficiency • 3: Clinical manifestations and natural history

M Needham 1, R Stockley 1
PMCID: PMC1746985  PMID: 15115878

Abstract

A review of the clinical manifestations of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, including lung disease and liver disease, and risk factors affecting the rate of decline in lung function in AAT deficient patients.

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Selected References

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